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Drawing on inoculation theory, this study tested whether the timing of such directions influences verdicts and perceptions of complainant credibility in an acquaintance rape trial. Australian community members (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0250) were randomly assigned to receive directions before, during, after, or both before and after cross\u2010examination, or to a no\u2010direction control. Judicial direction timing had no significant effect on verdicts or complainant believability. Higher rape myth acceptance was associated with a lower likelihood of conviction, with men scoring significantly higher on rape myth acceptance than women. Exploratory analyses showed that complainant believability predicted verdict outcomes, while prior jury service was associated with a lower likelihood of conviction. These findings suggest that rape myth acceptance may outweigh the influence of judicial directions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.70041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T04:50:03Z","timestamp":1770871803000},"page":"332-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Inoculation in the Courtroom: The Effect of Judicial Direction Timing on Mock Juror Decisions in a Rape Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2935-3446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Wieberneit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Law School The University of Western Australia  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5849-4045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lies","family":"Notebaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Science The University of Western Australia  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0444-4189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Clare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Law School The University of Western Australia  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6132-6184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilde","family":"Tubex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Law School The University of Western Australia  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201046048\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801212453867"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","volume-title":"Personal Safety, Australia","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","volume-title":"Sexual Violence","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","volume-title":"Safe, Informed, Supported: Reforming Justice Responses to Sexual Violence","author":"Australian Law Reform Commission","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1068316X.2019.1634195"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.56.5.669"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1171"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","volume-title":"Vergewaltigungsmythen [Rape Myths]","author":"Bohner G.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.284"},{"issue":"37","key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","first-page":"662","article-title":"Juries in Rape Trials: Balanced or Biased?","volume":"181","author":"Booth N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Criminal Law & Justice Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559\u20101816.2003.tb01880.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780190201340.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","volume-title":"Improving the Justice Response to Victims of Sexual Violence: Victims\u2019 Experiences","author":"Boyer T.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1464700118754957"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","volume-title":"Psychological Reactance: A Theory of Freedom and Control","author":"Brehm S. 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