{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T19:14:33Z","timestamp":1792350873741,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sci &amp;amp; The Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With the rise of digital technology, adolescent cyberviolence has become a growing global concern in public health and criminal justice. This study used nationally representative data from South Korea (2017\u20132024) to examine the prevalence of eight types of cyberviolence (i.e., verbal abuse, defamation, stalking, sexual abuse, personal information leakage, bullying, extortion and coercion) among adolescents aged 10\u201318\u00a0years. It also analysed differences between sexes, age groups and time periods (i.e., before, during and after COVID\u201019). The findings showed that male adolescents were generally more likely than females to be both victims and perpetrators of cyberviolence, except in the case of cyberstalking victimisation. The adolescents aged 13\u201315 reported higher rates of both victimisation and perpetration than their younger (aged 10\u201312) and older (aged 16\u201318) peers, except in the context of cyberbullying victimisation. Notably, cyberviolence rates were lower during the COVID\u201019 pandemic (2020\u20132022) than the pre\u2010pandemic (2017\u20132019) and post\u2010pandemic (2023\u20132024) periods. This is arguably the first study to track cyberviolence among South Korean adolescents over an eight\u2010year period using data from over 56,000 participants. The results offer critical insights into patterns of online aggression among adolescents across sexes and age groups and through significant societal disruptions like the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.70043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T09:17:44Z","timestamp":1770628664000},"page":"313-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adolescent Cyberviolence in South Korea: A Multi\u2010Year, National Population\u2010Based Study of Cyberviolence Prevalence (2017\u20132024)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Heng Choon (Oliver)","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Policy, Sociology and Criminology School of Social Policy and Society University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong\u2010Jun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Policy, Sociology and Criminology School of Social Policy and Society University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1002-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn","family":"Svingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Policy, Sociology and Criminology School of Social Policy and Society University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-83982-848-520211037"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578\u2010010\u20100176\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.0016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JACPR\u201003\u20102024\u20100892"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07233"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aeri.20210456"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01430343211006766"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2021.105946"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5765\/jkacap.240005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14738\/assrj.418.3680"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1350\/pojo.76.3.204.19442"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","unstructured":"Broadband Commission for Digital Development2015.Cyberviolence Against Women and Girls: A Worldwide Wake\u2010Up Call. Accessed on September 4 2025.https:\/\/www.broadbandcommission.org\/publication\/cyber\u2010violence\u2010against\u2010women\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016641668"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2019.104475"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X19881917"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.2021.1950517"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003314509-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003414933-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2015.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlcj.2017.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X16658053"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02185385.2020.1761436"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191711046"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440241250152"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204014565670"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244019828231"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360\u20100443.95.11s3.5.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JACPR\u201006\u20102016\u20100234"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2017.1386763"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2012.0231"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","unstructured":"Duggan M.2017.Online Harassment 2017. Accessed on September 4 2025.https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2017\/07\/11\/online\u2010harassment\u20102017\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36644\/mlr.113.5.criminal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207452"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","unstructured":"European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights.2014. \u201cViolence Against Women: An EU\u2010Wide Survey: Main Results.\u201dhttps:\/\/fra.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/fra_uploads\/fra\u20102014\u2010vaw\u2010survey\u2010main\u2010results\u2010apr14_en.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","unstructured":"Falcon E.2020.Why is South Korea a Global Broadband Leaders?. Accessed on September 3 2025.https:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2020\/02\/why\u2010south\u2010korea\u2010global\u2010broadband\u2010leader."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vio.2017.0073"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.34471"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","volume-title":"Electronic Theft: Unlawful Acquisition in Cyberspace","author":"Grabosky P.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","volume-title":"Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Gravetter F. J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105451"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41935\u2010020\u20100180\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13811118.2010.494133"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2010011\u20109608\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231171185"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187\u2010025\u201010240\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034\u2010019\u20100292\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17134648"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40163\u2010024\u201000200\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joe.22175"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00111287231193992"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aswp.12309"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","unstructured":"Korea Press Foundation.2020.2020 Children\u2019s Media Usage Report. Accessed on September 4 2025.https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/5x73e663."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children11060682"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/45563"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605241297377"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201081858\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","unstructured":"Lenhart A. M.Madden andP.Hitlin.2005.Teens and Technology: Youth Are Leading the Transition to a Fully Wired and Mobile Nation. Accessed on September 4 2025.https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/media\/Files\/Reports\/2005\/PIP_Teens_Tech_July2005web.pdf.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0143034306064547"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2005.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","volume-title":"EU Kids Online: Final Report","author":"Livingstone S.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2010.0588"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12666"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci8010030"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Juveniles and Cyber Stalking in the United States: An Analysis of Theoretical Predictors of Patterns of Online Perpetration","volume":"8","author":"Marcum C. D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Cyber Criminology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2012.0040"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Science and ICT.2025.MSIT Unveils 2024 Internet Usage Trends. Accessed on September 4 2025.https:\/\/www.msit.go.kr\/eng\/bbs\/view.do?sCode=eng&nttSeqNo=1098&bbsSeqNo=42&mId=4."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijimei.2024.100281"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","unstructured":"National Information Society Agency.2025.The 2024 Cyberviolence Survey. Accessed on September 4 2025.https:\/\/www.nia.or.kr\/site\/nia_kor\/ex\/bbs\/View.do?cbIdx=68302&bcIdx=27840."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801209340758"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Cyber\u2010Aggression Among Portuguese Adolescents: A Study on Perpetration, Victim Offender Overlap and Parental Supervision","volume":"8","author":"Novo F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Cyber Criminology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13190"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2023.107280"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ssqu.13134"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02724316211036740"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508\u2010021\u201002200\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10610\u2010015\u20109285\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.4766710"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.2010.538364"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003\u2010066x.54.2.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910085"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20109450.2007.00611.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380221150474"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20105825"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15394\/jdfsl.2016.1418"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195154276.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_94_1","unstructured":"Statistics Korea.2023.Korean Social Trends 2023: (Leisure) Pandemic\u2010Triggered Changes in Lifestyle and Leisure. Accessed on September 4 2025.https:\/\/kostat.go.kr\/board.es?mid=b10104000000&bid=12046&act=view&list_no=432639."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2011.643170"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886\u20106708.11\u201000145"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_97_1","volume-title":"Millennials: Confident, Connected, Open to Change","author":"Taylor P.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X13483778"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444809341263"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2022.101152"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1099\u20100860.2009.00260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_102_1","volume-title":"Cyberbullying and Cyberthreats: Responding to the Challenges of Online Social Aggression, Threats, and Distress","author":"Willard N. E.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520985489"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2013.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_105_1","unstructured":"World Bank Open Data.2025.Individuals Using the Internet (% of Population) \u2013 OECD Members Korea Rep. Accessed on September 3 2025.https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/IT.NET.USER.ZS?locations=OE\u2010KR."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2004.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.634909"}],"container-title":["Behavioral Sciences &amp; the Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bsl.70043","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bsl.70043","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bsl.70043","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T11:04:21Z","timestamp":1776337461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bsl.70043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bsl.70043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bsl.70043","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-3936","1099-0798"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-3936","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0798","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}