{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:13:49Z","timestamp":1780514029323,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002081","name":"Irish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioral Sci &amp;amp; The Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This article considers how victim\u2010blaming and stereotypical attitudes about appropriate victim behaviour can impact upon the operation of rape trials, particularly by prejudicing a complainant's testimony where s\/he can be portrayed as having departed from the stereotypical norm of a \u2018real victim\u2019. While recommendations for tackling such attitudes within the trial understandably focus on extra\u2010legal interventions such as juror education or broader societal awareness initiatives, it is argued here that law reform still has a role to play. Drawing on the jurisdiction of Ireland as a case study, the article considers how reform of the rules of evidence (specifically rules relating to the admission of sexual experience evidence and disclosure of personal records) might be reformed to minimise the potential for the introduction of prejudicial and irrelevant evidence about complainants which can fuel the influence of stereotypes about \u2018real victims\u2019 upon the trial process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.70054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:19:10Z","timestamp":1774952350000},"page":"495-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Taking Fuel From the Fire: Regulating the Introduction of Rape Myth Infused and Irrelevant Evidence About Complainants in Rape Trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Leahy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law Foundation Building University of Limerick  Limerick Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Safe, Informed, Supported: Reforming Justice Responses to Sexual Violence","author":"Australian Law Reform Commission","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Baker K. K.1999.What Rape Is and what It Ought Not to Be: Jurimetrics 233."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1099\u20100992(199803\/04)28:2<257::aid\u2010ejsp871>3.0.co;2\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Justice Journeys: Information Policy and Practice Through Lived Experience of Victim\u2010Survivors of Rape and Serious Sexual Assault","author":"Brooks\u2010Hay O.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hojo.12190"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","volume-title":"Sexual Violence Survey 2022","author":"Central Statistics Office","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jols.12287"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10691\u2010014\u20109259\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003379331-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jols.12395"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","volume-title":"Researching Rape Trials: Methods, Ethics and Empirical Perspectives","author":"Dowds E.","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"Dublin Rape Crisis Centre2025.Briefing Note: Research on Public Perceptions on Sexual Violence in Ireland.https:\/\/www.drcc.ie\/news\u2010resources\/resources\/briefing\u2010note\u2010unveiling\u2010public\u2010perceptions\u2010on\u2010sexual\u2010violenc\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","volume-title":"Seeing Is Believing: The Northumbria Court Observers Panel: Report on 30 Rape Trials 2015\u20132016","author":"Durham et\u00a0al","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azn077"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.60082\/2817\u20105069.1437"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29173\/alr1504"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","article-title":"Tracking Decisions on Access to Sexual Assault Complainants\u2019 Confidential Records: The Continued Permeability of Subsections 278.1\u2013278.9 of the Criminal Code","volume":"20","author":"Gotell L","year":"2008","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Women and the Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1350\/jcla.2010.74.6.670"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003345282"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380211050575"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241270082"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429261367"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801210387748"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","volume-title":"Bearing Witness: Report of the Northern Ireland Court Observer Panel 2018\u20102019","author":"Kennedy L.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","unstructured":"Law Commission.2025.Evidence in Sexual Offences Prosecutions: A Final Report: Law Commission."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Whether Rules or Discretion? Developing a Best Practice Model for Controlling the Admissibility of Sexual Experience Evidence in Sexual Offence Trials","author":"Leahy S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Irish Journal of Legal Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","volume-title":"The Realities of Rape Trials in Ireland: Perspectives from Practice","author":"Leahy S.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801210387747"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022018317728824"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Judging Juries: The \u2018Common Sense\u2019 Conundrums of Prosecuting Violence Against Women","volume":"3","author":"Munro V","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Zealand Women\u2019s Law Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","unstructured":"Office of the Federal Ombudsperson for Victims of Crime.2025.Rethinking Justice for Survivors of Sexual Violence: A Systemic Investigation.https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/office\u2010federal\u2010ombudsperson\u2010victims\u2010crime\/sissa\u2010essas.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","volume-title":"The Crown Court Compendium Part I: Jury and Trial Management and Summing up","author":"Picton et\u00a0al","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","unstructured":"Quilter J. andL.McNamara.2023.Experience of Complainants of Adult Sexual Offences in the District Court of NSW: A Trial Transcript Analysis. (Crime and Justice Bulletin No 259). Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0008197306007069"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75674-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557085112437875"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0964663916680130"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26686\/vuwlr.v52i2.7128"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","unstructured":"Willmott D.2017.An Examination of the Relationship Between Juror Attitudes Psychological Constructs and Verdict Decisions Within Rape Trials (PhD thesis University of Huddersfield)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394260669.ch5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.70032"}],"container-title":["Behavioral Sciences &amp; the Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bsl.70054","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bsl.70054","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bsl.70054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:55:50Z","timestamp":1780512950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bsl.70054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bsl.70054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bsl.70054","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-3936","1099-0798"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-3936","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0798","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}