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In vulnerable hosts, these pathogens may translocate to the bloodstream and become lethal. The ability to selectively reduce VRE in the intestinal tracts of patients could potentially prevent many of these translocation events and reduce the spread of the pathogen. Herein, we have engineered\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Nissle 1917 to produce and secrete three antimicrobial peptides, Enterocin A, Enterocin B, and Hiracin JM79, to specifically target and kill\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus.<\/jats:italic>\n                    These peptides exhibited potent activity against both\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the two most prominent species responsible for VRE infections. We first discuss the optimization of the system used to express and secrete the peptides. We then show that by simultaneously expressing these peptides, both\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were drastically inhibited. We then demonstrate a suppression of the development of resistance when supernatant from the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    producer strains was used to treat\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecium.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Finally, we tested the efficacy of the probiotic in a VRE colonization model in mice. These studies showed that administration of the engineered probiotic significantly reduced the levels of both\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the feces of male Balb\/cJ mice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T06:21:11Z","timestamp":1533622871000},"page":"197-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Engineered\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>E. coli<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Nissle 1917 for the reduction of vancomycin\u2010resistant\n                    <i>Enterococcus<\/i>\n                    in the intestinal tract"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Kathryn G.","family":"Geldart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Probiotics Inc.  St. Paul MN 55114"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushma","family":"Kommineni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck  Cambridge MA 02141"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceuticals  Minneapolis MN 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI 53226"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary M.","family":"Dunny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nita H.","family":"Salzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI 53226"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee WI 53226"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5088-1104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiannis N.","family":"Kaznessis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Probiotics Inc.  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