{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T17:57:50Z","timestamp":1788976670801,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008065","name":"Georgia Research Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AWD\u2010102127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AWD\u2010102127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering &amp; Transla Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Topical delivery to treat dermatological disease is constrained by low skin permeability to most drugs due to the stratum corneum barrier. STAR particles containing microneedle protrusions can be topically applied on the skin to create micropores that dramatically increase skin permeability, even to water\u2010soluble compounds and macromolecules. This study addresses the tolerability, acceptability, and reproducibility of STAR particles rubbed on the skin at multiple pressures and after multiple applications to human subjects. One\u2010time STAR particle application at pressures between 40 and 80\u2009kPa showed that skin microporation and erythema directly correlated with increased pressure, and 83% of subjects reported STAR particles to be comfortable at all pressures. Repeated application of STAR particles for 10 consecutive days at 80\u2009kPa showed that skin microporation (~0.5% of skin area), erythema (low\u2010to\u2010moderate), and comfort with self\u2010administration (75%) were similar over the course of the study. Comfort of sensations associated with STAR particles increased from 58% to 71% during the study, and familiarity with STAR particles increased from 12.5% to 50% of subjects reporting STAR particle application not feeling different from other skin products. This study demonstrates that topically applied STAR particles were well tolerated and highly acceptable after application at various pressures and repeated daily use. These findings further suggest that STAR particles offer a safe and reliable platform to enhance cutaneous drug delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T04:10:46Z","timestamp":1681791046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tolerability, acceptability, and reproducibility of topical\n                    <scp>STAR<\/scp>\n                    particles in human subjects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8441-083X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5738-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hwan","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Dankook University  Cheonan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Tadros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9076-8448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark R.","family":"Prausnitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-017-0192-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.12.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2056L"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.5538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Dermatology","author":"Bolognia JL","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45013-0_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201816666190201143457"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-020-00409-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2019.1655524"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2014.41.6.620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501176102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2020.1713087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37900-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1061186X.2015.1090442"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2003.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-020-00823-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120491"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2019.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2014.986309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000924"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0787-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238-015-1175-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.05.021"}],"container-title":["Bioengineering &amp; 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