{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:01:44Z","timestamp":1791842504277,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81803449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81803449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270692"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LYY20H300003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LYY20H300003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering &amp;amp; Transla Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Currently, there are no effective therapies for intestinal and hepatic fibrosis representing a considerable unmet need. Breakthroughs in pathogenesis have accelerated the development of anti\u2010fibrotic therapeutics in recent years. Particularly, with the development of nanotechnology, the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and inaccessible microenvironment of fibrotic lesions seem to be no longer considered a great barrier to the use of anti\u2010fibrotic drugs. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent preclinical and clinical studies on intestinal and hepatic fibrosis. It is found that the targets for preclinical studies on intestinal fibrosis is varied, which could be divided into molecular, cellular, and tissues level, although little clinical trials are ongoing. Liver fibrosis clinical trials have focused on improving metabolic disorders, preventing the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells, promoting the degradation of collagen, and reducing inflammation and cell death. At the preclinical stage, the therapeutic strategies have focused on drug targets and delivery systems. At last, promising remedies to the current challenges are based on multi\u2010modal synergistic and targeted delivery therapies through mesenchymal stem cells, nanotechnology, and gut\u2010liver axis providing useful insights into anti\u2010fibrotic strategies for clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T08:50:03Z","timestamp":1690966203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prospective therapeutics for intestinal and hepatic fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6975-0075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengli","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Yiwu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32285"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2938-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113831"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020310"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm0594"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202200856"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(18)30701-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00543-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12974"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.05.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl220045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy201"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7683"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.18936"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0374-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2021.1922748"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c21595"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00005.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112132"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1MH01969D"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2021.113910"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13215361"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa321"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13797"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216542"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0158-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i22.3034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00219-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113834"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030882"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01598-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102050118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20210889"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104364"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0497-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa169"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI144336"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy142"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77276-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.3582"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000618"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318512"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2018.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2017.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040973"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112580"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00573-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-02105-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000863"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01486"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092762"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01770-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00372-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01070-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i41.6304"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112442"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114396"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c02633"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201801809"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30645"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6890423"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14573"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30662"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.779606"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02577-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2323-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-00973-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-022-01929-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11485-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202102580"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30506"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113869"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05006-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S373430"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31987"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-020-00645-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.9b00631"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-020-00836-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b06924"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.117964"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c00988"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00558-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9081905"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.37301"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0145-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201903138"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b02498"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa073"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323719"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajps.2020.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31743"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31807"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2020.102261"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202212206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-320786"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01374-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2014.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz116"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-1552-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011269"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.835005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02882-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1204-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32568"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0198-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-030320-095722"}],"container-title":["Bioengineering &amp; Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/btm2.10579","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T23:42:22Z","timestamp":1760053342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/btm2.10579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"references-count":135,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/btm2.10579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/btm2.10579","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2380-6761","2380-6761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2380-6761","type":"print"},{"value":"2380-6761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e10579"}}