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Since immune cells respond to chemical and environmental cues, we hypothesized that the elevated partial pressures of dissolved gases drive aberrant immune cell phenotypes in the alveolar vasculature. To test this hypothesis, we measured immune responses within human lung\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip devices established with primary alveolar cells and microvascular cells. Devices were pressurized to 1.0 or 3.5\u2009atm and surrounded by normal alveolar air or oxygen\u2010reduced air. Phenotyping of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells as well as multiplexed ELISA revealed that immune responses occur within 1\u2009h and that normal alveolar air (i.e., hyperbaric oxygen and nitrogen) confer greater immune activation. This work strongly suggests innate immune cell reactions initiated at elevated partial pressures contribute to the etiology of DCS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:40:08Z","timestamp":1713314408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dissolved gases from pressure changes in the lungs elicit an immune response in human peripheral blood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2346-2606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail G.","family":"Harrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3533-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Thom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4138-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"IV","given":"C. 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