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To advance understanding of vaginal dosage retention and biodistribution, we describe a method of noninvasive imaging with <jats:sup>89<\/jats:sup>Zr\u2010labeled bioadhesive nanoparticles (BNPs) in non\u2010human primates. We additionally examined the safety of repeated BNP application. BNPs administered vaginally to cynomolgus monkeys were still detected after 24\u2009h (1.7% retention) and 120\u2009h (0.1% retention). BNPs did not translocate to the uterus or into systemic circulation. Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in the vaginal fluid and plasma suggest that BNPs are safe and biocompatible, even after multiple doses. BNPs are a promising delivery vehicle for vaginally administered therapeutics. Further studies using the non\u2010human primate imaging materials and methods developed here could help advance clinical translation of BNPs and other long\u2010lasting vaginal dosage forms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:46:00Z","timestamp":1715301960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pilot <scp>PET<\/scp> study of vaginally administered bioadhesive nanoparticles in cynomolgus monkeys: Kinetics and safety evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Molly K.","family":"Grun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical &amp; Environmental Engineering Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9073-6270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praveen","family":"Honhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Rossano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minsoo","family":"Khang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Won","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista","family":"Fowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Biomedical Imaging Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey J.","family":"Kliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology &amp; Reproductive Sciences Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Cavaliere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Biomedical Imaging Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Biomedical Imaging Yale School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Marquez\u2010Nostra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Division of Advanced Medical Imaging Research University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2163-549X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. 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