{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T16:03:33Z","timestamp":1789488213253,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":223,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM150507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM150507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21CA291723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21CA291723"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering &amp;amp; Transla Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>T cells, as one of the most abundant immune cell types in the human body, play a central role in therapeutic applications and currently dominate the clinical landscape of cell therapies. Their target specificity and capacity to generate durable therapeutic responses make them a powerful modality for precision therapy. T cell therapies represent a leading frontier in cellular medicine and have been investigated for a broad spectrum of indications, from cancers to autoimmune diseases. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the clinical landscape of T cell therapies. We outline the historical developments that shaped the evolution of T cells into transformative therapies and present a comprehensive analysis of their clinical translation. We discuss key milestones in T cell discovery and provide an overview of the 19 globally approved T cell therapy products. We then examine the core features of these approved products and conduct an in\u2010depth analysis of 2570 clinical trials involving T cell therapies, identifying three distinct time intervals of growth in clinical activity. Furthermore, we evaluate the evolution of critical trial parameters, such as cell source, disease indication, target selection, and delivery route, highlighting emerging trends and key inflection points. Lastly, we discuss the biological and logistical challenges that limit the broader clinical translation of T cell therapies to new indications and diverse patient populations. Our findings indicate a steady rise in clinical studies and regulatory approvals for T cell therapies, with a notably higher rate of approved products in recent years compared to stem cell therapies. This growth exhibits a phased pattern, with each interval characterized by a major inflection point in scientific advancement and clinical translation. Our discussions will provide a quantitative and contextualized overview of this clinical progress in T cell therapy, offering insights into its current trajectory and future potential as a transformative class of therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.70086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T14:11:50Z","timestamp":1763129510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adoptive T\u2010cell therapies in the clinic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5440-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suyog","family":"Shaha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University  Allston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3758-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah","family":"Lourenco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University  Allston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8979-844X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongmin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Illinois Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2459-8305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir","family":"Mitragotri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University  Allston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2021.104660"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00698-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423\u2010024\u201001207\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10214"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-022-00347-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cell therapy: types, regulation, and clinical benefits","volume":"8","author":"El Hakim E\u2010KA","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc\u20102025\u2010011761"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2303077120"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.70000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2308511120"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2993"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1188049"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2013.1.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0306-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The potential and promise for clinical application of adoptive T cell therapy in cancer","volume":"22","author":"Li Y","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-021-00329-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)90693-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1831069a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-030409-101248"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196611)19:11<1743::AID-CNCR2820191143>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Journey in science: immersion in the search for effective cancer immunotherapies","volume":"27","author":"Rosenberg SA","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"276","article-title":"The treatment of advanced bladder cancer with sensitized pig lymphocytes","volume":"28","author":"Mo S","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/251547a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"The detection of transplantation antigens in leukocytes","volume":"5","author":"Van R","year":"1968","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181845"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.10.6134"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.19.5990"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(81)90151-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1490019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.2.566"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2281308a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.125.1.238"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","first-page":"4420","article-title":"Lysis of fresh and cultured autologous tumor by human lymphocytes cultured in T\u2010cell growth factor","volume":"41","author":"Lotze MT","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3489291"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/92.4.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.141.6.1390"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.7.2348"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90568-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.3.1151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1081644"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/308149a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/308153a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.129.5.2293"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/312036a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.915837"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1492"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.9.3282"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.137.3.819"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11010047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1840703"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1352912"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91150-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54595-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490170088031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199008303230904"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(87)90502-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.24.10024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.2.720"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.4.619"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0102-70"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1129003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.835762"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1303935"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.157.5.1448"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076514"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2021.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/10_2007_072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(86)90074-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1939"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1996.tb02651.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(03)00010-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119265"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-04-281931"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2024.2321678"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/rme.14.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-024-00094-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","unstructured":"GC\u2010Cell.ImmunCell\u2010LC.https:\/\/gccell.com\/en\/product\/immuncellLc.do2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.02.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","unstructured":"Gene\u2010Therapy\u2010Net.Zalmoxis.https:\/\/www.genetherapynet.com\/zalmoxis.html2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-018-2436-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707447"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709866"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022018730"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","first-page":"2219","article-title":"Obecabtagene Autoleucel in adults with B\u2010cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"33","author":"Roddie C","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omton.2025.200977"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00649-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.944927"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.4_suppl.349"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A close look at current \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cell immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Ma L","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06243-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587\u2010024\u201002446\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01602-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-00809-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2023.101136"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1395"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI82416"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081528"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6064\/2012\/694137"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-01215-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Combining chemotherapy with CAR\u2010T cell therapy in treating solid tumors","volume":"14","author":"Wang AX","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-187565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.01.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02767-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03212-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024166"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2400209"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-23-0272"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_1","unstructured":"Milestones in cancer research and discovery. National Cancer Institute 1\u201314https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/research\/progress\/250-years-milestones2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0b013e318172d6f3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-019-0070-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-019-00523-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"ACT up TIL now: the evolution of tumor\u2010infiltrating lymphocytes in adoptive cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumors","volume":"1","author":"Hulen TM","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V124.21.1109.1109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00063030-200822040-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf3700"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02017-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-024-00730-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1466266"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"CAR\u2010T regulatory (CAR\u2010Treg) cells: engineering and applications","volume":"10","author":"Arjomandnejad M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-153421"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.761448"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32334-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44677-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03444-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1113882"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1352805"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0624-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.3.785.015k10_785_793"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081355"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.7954"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_139_1","first-page":"376","article-title":"Anti\u2010CD19 CAR T cells in refractory immune thrombocytopenia of SLE thrombectomy for large strokes","volume":"385","author":"Mougiakakos D","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20406207221143025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1396395"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2024.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15164176"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2022.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iotech.2024.100715"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.70018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02893-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-0407"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-024-00542-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-024-00214-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02250"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2015.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_153_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Long\u2010term in vivo survival of receptor\u2010modified syngeneic T cells in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"96","author":"Walker RE","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103849"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0840-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_156_1","article-title":"Non\u2010integrating Lentiviral vectors in clinical applications: a glance through","volume":"10","author":"Gurumoorthy N","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-2155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c02573"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1411393"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0170"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2023.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-06052-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ila2.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00459-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023010856"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.77.8084"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau7746"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-20-0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-1020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-08-665547"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_171_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Strategies to overcome antigen heterogeneity in CAR\u2010T cell therapy","volume":"14","author":"Zhang B","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-022-00277-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.2017.0055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncponc0666"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-03-900928"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-024-02429-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14791\/btrt.2024.0037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577\u2010025\u201001161\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02242-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02317.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01578-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2219086120"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-023-00789-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0010-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04390-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-0164"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba1786"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07242-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_191_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immunotherapy against glioblastoma using backpack\u2010activated neutrophils","volume":"10","author":"Fukuta T","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioeng Transl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_192_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Backpack\u2010mediated anti\u2010inflammatory macrophage cell therapy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury","volume":"3","author":"Kapate N","year":"2024","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0297-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_194_1","article-title":"Alternative CAR therapies: recent approaches in engineering chimeric antigen receptor immune cells to combat cancer","volume":"10","author":"Moreno C","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03037-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-023-00709-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100543"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2018-0111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2018.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02664"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-017-2034-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00704-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000964"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01048-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39330-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23589-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9051225"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010709"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-025-01225-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1018962"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13020146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00476-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-017-0222-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_215_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Engineered T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells: from research towards clinical implementation","volume":"14","author":"Netsrithong R","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2021.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024850"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-020-0956-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20230903"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-22-1276"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3833"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-201984"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-179424"}],"container-title":["Bioengineering &amp; Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/btm2.70086","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/btm2.70086","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/btm2.70086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:15:43Z","timestamp":1789485343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/btm2.70086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"references-count":223,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/btm2.70086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/btm2.70086","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2380-6761","2380-6761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2380-6761","type":"print"},{"value":"2380-6761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70086"}}