{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T16:03:25Z","timestamp":1789488205614,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering &amp;amp; Transla Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Inflammatory skin conditions like Acne inversa are characterized by dysbiosis, an imbalance of commensal and pathogenic bacteria, posing challenges for specific treatments. Consequently, we investigated how biofilm formation, low\u2010nutrition skin environments, and air interfaces influence susceptibility to anti\u2010infective treatments in mixed bacterial cultures. To achieve this in a cost\u2010effective and reproducible manner, we developed a simplified substrate made of gelatin, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate, and alginate (=Gel\u2010Alg). This in vitro model simulates biofilm cultivation on skin surfaces for aerobic bacteria. We selected\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    as two clinically relevant strains, which are also abundant in Acne inversa. We tested single and mixed cultures under different conditions: (i) nutrient broth, (ii) Gel\u2010Alg substrate, (iii) EpiDerm\u2122 commercial skin model, and (iv) ex vivo human skin. Proliferation, measured by colony\u2010forming units, was comparable across most conditions, except for human skin. Metabolic activity, assessed via Presto Blue staining, revealed significant differences. Dual\u2010species cultivation and quantification by viability PMA qPCR indicated dominance of\n                    <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    over\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in skin\u2010like environments. Treatments with biofilm\u2010dissolving rhamnolipids, the antibiotic vancomycin, and combinations thereof demonstrated varying efficacy in single and mixed cultures. While the drug combination could almost completely eradicate staphylococcal biofilms in broth, susceptibility varied in skin\u2010like models and moreover strongly depended on temperature (37\u00b0C vs. 32\u00b0C). In conclusion, this study suggests that reductionistic models, while mimicking key features, could be valuable for early selective antimicrobial drug development for specific applications like Acne inversa therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.70124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:06:18Z","timestamp":1774591578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Staphylococcal proliferation on skin models to investigate novel anti\u2010infective treatments against dysbiosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2149-580X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Frisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz\u2010Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research  Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"},{"name":"Saarland University  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