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However, as of now, no T\u03b24 drug has been approved. T\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , as a small protein drug, has to face druggability challenges such as abundant supply, high purity, verified efficacy and safety, long half\u2010life, and shelf\u2010life. Here, a modified prokaryotic expression system was developed to express recombination T\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    (rT\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), followed by single thiol\u2010site\u2010specific PEGylation of rT\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , namely PEG\u2010rT\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    as a prodrug. The identification and thermodynamic properties of PEG\u2010rT\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    were tested with a matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\u2010ionization time of flight mass spectrometer, a differential scanning calorimeter, and a thermal gravimetric analyzer. The data showed the superiority of PEG\u2010rT\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    for treating MI. Long\u2010circulating PEG\u2010rT\u03b24 significantly relieves myocardial remodeling, restores cardiac function, promotes neoangiogenesis, and inhibits apoptosis via the Akt\/Bcl\u20102\/caspase\u20103 pathway. In summary, PEG\u2010rT\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    is a better choice for the drug development of this active protein.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.70144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:31:26Z","timestamp":1774942286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>PEGylated<\/scp>\n                    thymosin \u03b24 is a thiol\u2010site\u2010specific prodrug treating myocardial infarction in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5223-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haisheng","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Medical College University of Shaoxing  Shaoxing 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