{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T16:24:06Z","timestamp":1794327846022,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering &amp; Transla Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may experience challenges in glycemic control driven by biological sex\u2013specific hormonal fluctuations. Across the menstrual cycle, clinical studies have reported phase\u2010dependent variations in time in range (TIR), with periods of increased hyperglycemia associated with changes in insulin sensitivity (IS). However, IS is not the sole metabolic process influenced by ovarian hormones; multiple regulatory mechanisms involved in glucose homeostasis appear to be modulated, adding complexity to insulin therapy management in women with T1DM using current automated insulin delivery (AID) systems. In this context, the present work conducts a narrative review of physiologically based mathematical models that seek to couple ovarian hormonal dynamics with glucose\u2013insulin regulation. The analysis reveals a limited number of models that explicitly integrate these interacting systems, highlighting important gaps in the current modeling landscape. These findings underscore the need for physiologically informed models that more accurately represent hormonal\u2013metabolic interactions in women with T1DM, with potential implications for the future development of sex\u2010specific simulation tools and adaptive closed\u2010loop insulin delivery strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.70168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:24:06Z","timestamp":1789467846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling ovarian hormone effects on glucose\u2013insulin control in type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0955-7056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nerea","family":"Albaladejo\u2010Carrasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Autom\u00e1tica e Inform\u00e1tica Industrial Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2923-6618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Furi\u00f3\u2010Novejarque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Autom\u00e1tica e Inform\u00e1tica Industrial Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9758-9397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00eda","family":"Nattero\u2010Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"CIBERDEM, ISCIII  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7286-3719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Bondia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Autom\u00e1tica e Inform\u00e1tica Industrial Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia  Valencia Spain"},{"name":"CIBERDEM, ISCIII  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5659-1212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9\u2010Luis","family":"D\u00edez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Autom\u00e1tica e Inform\u00e1tica Industrial Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia  Valencia Spain"},{"name":"CIBERDEM, ISCIII  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00994.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010\u20100702"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13020374"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968251340673"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2020.1735927"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.4.R1316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11317090\u2010000000000\u201000000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2009.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45100496"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968221080199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00051.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.2.213"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/1520915041705875"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296815608400"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213\u20108587(19)30345\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574\u2010021\u201000576\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.11.6931"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","volume-title":"Modelling Methodology for Physiology and Medicine","author":"Carson E","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968231195081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538\u2010023\u201001242\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2024.109024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44294\u2010025\u201000078\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010022\u201005086\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144926"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21165273"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091906"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.613048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","volume-title":"A Systems View of Life in Phenomenological\u2010Based Semi\u2010Physical Models: An Ovulatory\u2010Menstrual Cycle Mathematical Model [dissertation]","author":"Ram\u00edrez C","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2023.108979"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4995\/riai.2023.18533"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006\u20103495(71)86257\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2017.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2025.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538\u2010013\u20109913\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009708"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","volume-title":"A Physiologic Model of Glucose Metabolism in Man and Its Use to Design and Assess Improved Insulin Therapies for Diabetes [ScD thesis]","author":"Sorensen JT","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967\u20103334\/25\/4\/010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680900300107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680900300106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2022.0154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01059088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296818757747"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15891"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2024.0522"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.893506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2000.215"}],"container-title":["Bioengineering &amp; Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/btm2.70168","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/btm2.70168","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/btm2.70168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:34:46Z","timestamp":1794324886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/btm2.70168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/btm2.70168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/btm2.70168","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2380-6761","2380-6761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2380-6761","type":"print"},{"value":"2380-6761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70168"}}