{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T16:25:12Z","timestamp":1794327912157,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011019","name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Hivatal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ADVANCED 152982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ADVANCED 152982"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011019","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011019","name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s Hivatal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["National Biotechnology Laboratory Grant 2022\u20102.1.1\u2010NL\u20102022\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Biotechnology Laboratory Grant 2022\u20102.1.1\u2010NL\u20102022\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011019","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering &amp; Transla Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases is of paramount importance to prevent or control outbreaks and pandemics. Detection of bacteria is commonly performed using culture\u2010based and molecular detection methods, which cannot address the need for quick, specific and cheap diagnostics. Bacteriophage\u2010based assays rely on the rapidity, specificity, contaminant\u2010tolerance and effectiveness of phage\u2010host interactions and can be engineered with fluorescence or luminescence\u2010based reporters. Previous attempts, however, required transcription and translation of reporter genes, leading to long assays and restrictive protocols. Here, we shortened the signal generation time by detecting the injection of a phage protein, thereby circumventing the need for gene expression altogether. In our model diagnostic assay, we demonstrate that injection of the N\u2010terminal fragment of the split nanoluciferase protein of\n                    <jats:italic>Oplophorus gracilirostris,<\/jats:italic>\n                    fused to the products of genes g6.7 or g14 of phage K1F, is detectable upon injection into an\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    cell as early as 3\u2009min after phage addition. The engineered phages generate a signal upon exposure to cognate K1\u2014but not to non\u2010cognate K5 capsule\u2010enclosed\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells, confirming the specificity of our system. The early luminescent signal and the ability to detect as few as 10\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    bacteria may open the way to the development of a rapid diagnostic tool based on phage\u2010mediated protein injection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.70171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T07:11:02Z","timestamp":1787209862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid, expression\u2010free bacteriophage\u2010based specific detection of target bacteria by conditional release of encapsidated reporter molecules"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"\u00c1kos","family":"Avramucz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry HUN\u2010REN Biological Research Centre  Szeged Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics University of Szeged  Szeged Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Wheatley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering University of Warwick  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9593-5487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahan B. W.","family":"Liyanagedera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering University of Warwick  Coventry UK"},{"name":"Biophoundry Inc.  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9318-3640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Feh\u00e9r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry HUN\u2010REN Biological Research Centre  Szeged Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Amaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lucidix Biolabs  Chesham, Bucks UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations","author":"O'Neill J","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsmc\/xtac009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/ijm.v13i5.7434"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.730071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2009.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10110626"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10080431"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00555\u201019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3an01608k"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2302.02033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2009.0475"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253\u2010020\u201010909\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201039863\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02357.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2021.100960"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2019.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1126439"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.164.2.854\u2010860.1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual","author":"Sambrook J","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042\u20106822(74)90407\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006441"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35859-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku628"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.27766"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751\u20107915.2011.00292.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","volume-title":"The Bacteriophages","author":"Molineux IJ","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C000338200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/13657"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.9b00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cb3002478"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.5b00758"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.2c00244"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.176.4033.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01968060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs\u20105283843\/v1"}],"container-title":["Bioengineering &amp; Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/btm2.70171","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/btm2.70171","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/btm2.70171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:35:18Z","timestamp":1794324918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/btm2.70171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/btm2.70171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/btm2.70171","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5283843\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2380-6761","2380-6761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2380-6761","type":"print"},{"value":"2380-6761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70171"}}