{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T08:19:06Z","timestamp":1791015546671,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]],"date-time":"2014-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biotechnology Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The theoretical potential for virus transmission by monoclonal antibody based therapeutic products has led to the inclusion of appropriate virus reduction steps. In this study, virus elimination by the chromatographic steps used during the purification process for two (IgG\u20101 &amp; \u22123) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been investigated. Both the Protein G (&gt;7log) and ion\u2010exchange (5 log) chromatography steps were very effective for eliminating both enveloped and non\u2010enveloped viruses over the life\u2010time of the chromatographic gel. However, the contribution made by the final gel filtration step was more limited, i.e., 3 log. Because these chromatographic columns were recycled between uses, the effectiveness of the column sanitization procedures (guanidinium chloride for protein G or NaOH for ion\u2010exchange) were tested. By evaluating standard column runs immediately after each virus spiked run, it was possible to directly confirm that there was no cross contamination with virus between column runs (guanidinium chloride or NaOH). To further ensure the virus safety of the product, two specific virus elimination steps have also been included in the process. A solvent\/detergent step based on 1% triton X\u2010100 rapidly inactivating a range of enveloped viruses by &gt;6 log inactivation within 1 min of a 60 min treatment time. Virus removal by virus filtration step was also confirmed to be effective for those viruses of about 50 nm or greater. In conclusion, the combination of these multiple steps ensures a high margin of virus safety for this purification process. \u00a9 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers <jats:italic>Biotechnol. 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