{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T14:04:18Z","timestamp":1768917858937,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]],"date-time":"2017-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biotechnology Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    There is renewed interest in the possibility of using precipitation for initial capture of high value therapeutic proteins as part of an integrated continuous downstream process. These precipitates can be continuously washed using tangential flow filtration, with long term operation achieved by operating the membrane modules below the critical filtrate flux for fouling. Our hypothesis was that the critical flux for the precipitated protein would be a function of the properties of the precipitate as determined by the precipitation conditions. We evaluated the critical flux using a flux\u2010stepping procedure for model protein precipitates (bovine serum albumin) generated using a combination of a crosslinking agent (zinc chloride) and an excluded volume precipitant (polyethylene glycol [PEG]). The critical flux varied with shear rate to approximately the 1\/3 power, consistent with predictions of the classical polarization model. The critical flux increased significantly with increasing zinc chloride concentration, going from 60 L\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/h for a 2 mM ZnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    solution to 200 L\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/h for an 8 mM ZnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    solution. In contrast, the critical flux achieved a maximum value at an intermediate PEG concentration. Independent measurements of the effective size and viscosity of the protein precipitates were used to obtain additional understanding of the effects of ZnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and PEG on the precipitation and the critical flux. These results provide important insights into the development of effective tangential flow filtration systems for processing large quantities of precipitated protein as would be required for large scale continuous protein purification by precipitation. \u00a9 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers\n                    <jats:italic>Biotechnol. Prog.<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 33:1561\u20131567, 2017\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.2545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,25]],"date-time":"2017-08-25T04:22:44Z","timestamp":1503634964000},"page":"1561-1567","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effect of zinc chloride and PEG concentrations on the critical flux during tangential flow microfiltration of BSA precipitates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Zhao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University, University Park  PA 16802"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1865-9156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew L.","family":"Zydney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University, University Park  PA 16802"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01207a034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2014.07.436"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Process chromatography: Five decades of innovation","volume":"20","author":"Curling J","year":"2007","journal-title":"BioPharm Int."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.25695"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Equipment for large\u2010scale mammalian cell culture","volume":"139","author":"Ozturk SS.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2014.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201300480"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2015.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.21964"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BA20030129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-7388(94)00265-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-7388(00)00334-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2006.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2004.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-7388(00)00645-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029902005666"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.260480405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"GronkeRS JaquezOA.Method of Isolating Biomacromolecules Using Polyalkylene Glycol and Transition Metals. 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