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In seeking a mechanistic explanation for this phenomenon, we found that a nitrogen atmosphere enhances enzyme hydrolysis and minimizes the decrease in glucose yields as solids loadings are increased in an agitated bioreactor. For liquid hot water pretreated corn stover, at solids loadings of both 100 and 200\u2009g\/L and hydrolyzed for 72\u2009hr in a 1 L bioreactor at pH 5.0 with 3.6 mg protein per g biomass, glucose yields were 55% in a nitrogen atmosphere versus 45% in air with agitation and about 34% without agitation. While mixing promotes biomass\/enzyme contact and disperses sugars released during hydrolysis that would otherwise cause product inhibition, nitrogen gas displaces air, avoiding deactivation of cellulases by oxygen. 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