{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T03:16:42Z","timestamp":1779247002648,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012021","name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["950111928489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["950111928489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biotechnology Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Anosmia is the inability to smell or loss of the sense of smell. It can reduce your ability to detect the smell of smoke, gas leaks, or spoiled food, as well as hinder the quality of life related to social interactions and feelings of well\u2010being. In the current study, a drug delivery composite was designed to cure anosmia and its efficiency in delivering transforming growth factor alpha (TGF\u2010\u03b1) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF\u2010\u03b21) to the nasal cavity was evaluated. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein for encapsulation into Poloxamers 407 micelles. For the optimization of the BSA\u2010micelle formulation, a two\u2010parameter five\u2010level central composite design (CCD) was applied. The BSA\u2010micelle was optimized with a particle size of 41\u2009nm, drug loading of 8%, and\n                    <jats:italic>encapsulation efficiency of 74%<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Further, the BSA\u2010micelle was characterized by FESEM, TEM, and FTIR. The analysis of release profile suggested high\u2010paced free BSA release compared to the gradual and prolonged release of BSA\u2010micelle\/hydrogel and BSA\u2010micelles. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated the safety of TGF\u2010\u03b1 and TGF\u2010\u03b21\u2010micelles\/hydrogel. Moreover, it was observed that TGF\u2010\u03b1 and TGF\u2010\u03b21 within the hydrogels promote cellular viability and human olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cell OE\u2010MSCs proliferation. In conclusion, According to the results of our study, the TGF\u2010\u03b1 and TGF\u2010\u03b21\u2010micelle\/hydrogel\u2010based delivery system provides a suitable alternative for anosmia treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.3294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]],"date-time":"2022-08-13T02:48:35Z","timestamp":1660358915000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A\n                    <scp>TGF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\u03b1 and\n                    <scp>TGF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\u03b21 Poloxamer\u2010based micelle\/hydrogel composite: A promising novel candidate for the treatment of anosmia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Salah","family":"Moradi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology University of Tehran  Tehran 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