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This continual evolution has led to recombinant AAV (rAAV) becoming a cornerstone of modern gene therapy. Significant advancements in molecular design, process development, and manufacturing have been made over the past three decades; these improvements are expected to significantly improve the safety, efficacy, and economics of rAAV gene therapies. Beyond rare disease, rAAV vectors have the potential to be used in prevalent conditions such as arthritis, heart failure, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Meeting the vector demands of these disease treatments will require continued innovations in rAAV manufacturing, including further improvements in process optimization and molecular engineering. 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