{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T16:28:11Z","timestamp":1700324891038},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,18]],"date-time":"2002-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1024358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We determined the tibiofemoral angle from 323 unilateral radiographs of the knee joint in adult black Malawians, comprising 219 males and 104 females, aged 18\u201355 years. The mean tibiofemoral angle in males was 174.14 with a standard deviation (SD) of 3.47\u00b0 and, in females, 174.46 SD 4.30\u00b0. The range of the angle for both genders was 164\u2013185\u00b0. There was no significant difference in the angle between male and female Malawian subjects (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.1). The results showed ethnic differences from Caucasian values (often quoted in standard textbooks of anatomy and orthopedics) and did not show the sexual dimorphism seen in Caucasian subjects. Comparison of the results with those in Nigerians and East Africans demonstrated regional and country\u2010to\u2010country variations. The clinical importance of the angle in the diagnosis and management of valgus and varus deformities is stressed for practicing orthopedic surgeons. Clin. Anat. 15:293\u2013296, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.10024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T12:43:37Z","timestamp":1033908217000},"page":"293-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tibiofemoral angle in Malawians"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"P.S.","family":"Igbigbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.C.","family":"Msamati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"343","volume-title":"Outline of orthopedics","author":"Adams JC","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Concise system of orthopedics and fractures","author":"Apley AG","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199103000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"The tibiofemoral angle in Nigerians","volume":"6","author":"Didia BC","year":"1998","journal-title":"West Afr J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197403000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR19940010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Normal limits of the knee angle in white children: genu varum and genu valgum","volume":"2","author":"Heath CH","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Lower limb angles of East African subjects","volume":"5","author":"Igbigbi PS","year":"1997","journal-title":"West Afr J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330070220"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Iodine deficiency disorders in the region: Eastern, Central and Southern Africa","author":"Netherlands International Nutrition Institute","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"432","volume-title":"Anatomy and human movement\u2014structure and function","author":"Nigel P","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"352","article-title":"Two details of the neck of the femur (a) the eminentia (b) the empriente","volume":"65","author":"Odgers PNB","year":"1931","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"314","volume-title":"Hollinshead's textbook of anatomy","author":"Rosse C","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557020-00021","article-title":"The development of the tibiofemoral angle in children","volume":"57","author":"Salanius P","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"The sexing of adult femora: demarking points for Varanasi zone","volume":"11","author":"Singh SP","year":"1972","journal-title":"Indian Med J"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.10024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.10024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T15:31:33Z","timestamp":1700321493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.10024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,18]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.10024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.10024","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,18]]}}}