{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T19:54:58Z","timestamp":1773604498696,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,2]],"date-time":"2003-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed a rare, bilateral congenital deficiency of the pectoralis major muscle in a 72\u2010year\u2010old female cadaver in our gross anatomy dissection laboratory. The outward appearance of the anterior thoracic wall, which included well\u2010developed breasts, revealed no obvious abnormalities. Upon dissection, the following features were observed: 1) on the left side, the sternal portion of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle was absent, the costal portion of the sternocostal head and the clavicular head were both well developed, a normal pectoralis minor was present, and the deltoid and subclavius muscles were not hypertrophied as is often the case when the pectoralis major muscle is deficient; 2) on the right side, the entire pectoralis major muscle was absent and the pectoralis minor, deltoid, and coracobrachialis muscles were infiltrated with connective tissue and fat; and 3) on both sides, the lateral pectoral nerves were absent and the medial pectoral nerves were present. The absence of the lateral pectoral nerves suggests that the deficiencies in the pectoralis major muscles are congenital malformations resulting from a developmental failure of the embryonic muscles rather than a sequel to polio or Poland's syndrome. Clin. Anat. 16:346\u2013349, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.10077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,3]],"date-time":"2003-06-03T10:08:17Z","timestamp":1054634897000},"page":"346-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Bilateral asymmetric deficiency of the pectoralis major muscle"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tony","family":"Mosconi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Ein Fall von vollst\u00e4ndigem Defekt der beiden Brustmuskeln","volume":"64","author":"Barge JAJ","year":"1927","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Illustrated encyclopedia of human anatomic variation: Part 1","author":"Bergman RA","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"976","article-title":"Congenital absence of pectoral muscles","volume":"62","author":"Burke CV","year":"1902","journal-title":"Med Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Congenital variation of the pectoral muscles, with report of a case","volume":"49","author":"Clark E","year":"1915","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.12.68.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3418.59-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1991.32.1.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"172","article-title":"Observations on the pectoralis major muscle in man","volume":"12","author":"Lewis WH","year":"1901","journal-title":"Johns Hopkins Hosp Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Deficiency of the pectoral muscles","volume":"6","author":"Poland A","year":"1841","journal-title":"Guys Hosp Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"423","article-title":"Anatomical study on 2 cases of the congenital partial defect of pectoralis major and minor muscles","volume":"168","author":"Yamasaki M","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anat Anz"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.10077","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.10077","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T15:19:23Z","timestamp":1700234363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.10077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.10077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.10077","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}}}