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Communications were seen between the MC and median nerves in 53.6% of the dissections from which 84.6% were proximal, 7.7% distal, and 7.7% had one proximal and one distal communication to the point of entry of the MC into coracobrachialis muscle. In six out of 54 dissections where the MC was present, the nerve did not pierce the coracobrachialis muscle. In two cases, the MC was absent and in one case the MC and the median nerve had a distal origin. This article describes current classifications of MC variations and their problems. A new classification is proposed combining preexisting ones into an integrated and more detailed overview. Clinical manifestations of isolated MC injury with and without the presence of anatomical variations are thoroughly discussed. The knowledge of these variations will allow physicians to correctly interpret anomalous innervation patters of the upper limb. Clin. Anat. 22:671\u2013683, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,28]],"date-time":"2009-07-28T06:36:32Z","timestamp":1248762992000},"page":"671-683","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Classifying musculocutaneous nerve variations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Roberto A.","family":"Guerri\u2010Guttenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Ingolotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Bilaterally symmetrical dual origin of musculocutaneous nerve","volume":"55","author":"Abhaya A","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anat Soc India"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Variation of the lateral cord of brachial plexus piercing coracobrachialis muscle","volume":"52","author":"Abhaya A","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Anat Soc India"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Inter\u2010communications between median and musculocutaneous nerves with dual innervation of brachialis muscle\u2010A case report","volume":"52","author":"Arora J","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Anat Soc India"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.19784"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Absence of the musculocutaneous nerve together with unusual innervation of the median nerve","volume":"65","author":"Aydin ME","year":"2006","journal-title":"Folia Morphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"313","article-title":"Anatomical variations of the median nerve distribution and communication in the arm","volume":"63","author":"Beheiry EE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Folia Morphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.20969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Compendium of Human Anatomic Variation","author":"Bergman RA","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(01)00176-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Variations of the median nerve and the musculocutaneous nerve and their connections","volume":"102","author":"Buch\u2010Hansen K","year":"1955","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Variation between median and musculocutaneous nerves","volume":"6","author":"Canter HI","year":"2005","journal-title":"Internet J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80122-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.33217"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.1085"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508317966"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Lexicon of Orthopeadic Etymology","author":"Diab M.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000154159.75022.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"130","article-title":"Musculocutaneous nerve palsy: An isolated complication of surgery","volume":"60","author":"Dundore DE","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"777","article-title":"Anatomic variations of the musculocutaneous nerve in the arm","volume":"26","author":"Eglseder WA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(50)90056-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100691"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.06.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(96)80062-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-000-0063-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"Distribution of median nerve to muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm","volume":"43","author":"Ihunwo AO","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cent Afr J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10493"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"A variation of brachial plexus: Absence of musculocutaneous nerve","volume":"6","author":"Jahanshahi M","year":"2003","journal-title":"MJIH"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.2.494"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Branching pattern of musculocutaneous nerve. 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