{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T11:32:29Z","timestamp":1785756749711,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]],"date-time":"2010-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1263254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The etymological evolution of the anatomical terms larynx, cricoid, glottis, epiglottis, and thyroid (cartilage) dates to antiquity. Human dissection replaced animal in the 16th and 17th centuries and terms evolved. This evolution was recorded in the literature largely in Latin. We translated key studies of laryngeal anatomy from the 16th century to better understand this evolution. We present the Latin with our translations, and historical commentary as essential to this understanding. Vesalius favored the Latin scutiform (shield) for the thyroid cartilage, but recognized <jats:italic>peltalis<\/jats:italic> (shield). The Basle Nomina Anatomica (BNA) chose the Greek <jats:italic>thyroid<\/jats:italic> (\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5<jats:italic>o<\/jats:italic>\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\n<jats:styled-content>$ \\tilde\\eta $<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-ueqn-1.gif\" xlink:title=\"equation image\"\/><\/jats:styled-content>) for modern convention. Vesalius used the name \u201cinnominate\u201d for the cricoid cartilage, but described its resemblance to a ring, drawn in the margin of the <jats:italic>Fabrica<\/jats:italic>. Krikoid, the Greek for ring shaped, was adopted by the BNA. Although the term arytenoid was used for centuries, Vesalius argued the Greek name referred to the <jats:italic>spout<\/jats:italic> of a cup or ladle. He recognized the human arytenoids as two separate cartilages as opposed to single in certain animals. The glottis was defined by Vesalius as the vocal fold or rima glottidis of today, and he advanced its function by understanding the paired, mobile arytenoid cartilages. He defined the function of the epiglottis and first described the pre\u2010epiglottic space. Vesalius' student at Padua, Italy, Columbo contributed to anatomical knowledge, but animosity between them clouded the record. Harvey, working 75 years later in England, offers an evolutionary window from Vesalius. Harvey's laryngeal studies preceded by a decade his groundbreaking studies on the circulation of blood. Clin. Anat. 23:131\u2013144, 2010. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]],"date-time":"2010-01-12T22:45:59Z","timestamp":1263336359000},"page":"131-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The historical Latin and etymology of selected anatomical terms of the larynx"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Lydiatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Bucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","series-title":"Lung Biology in Health and Disease: Exe Ed","author":"Bowman IA","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"De re anatomica","author":"Columbo R","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"A Bio\u2010Bibliography of Andreas Vesalius","author":"Cushing H","year":"1943"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.2002.01369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Anatomical Names, Especially the Basle Nomina Anatomica (BNA)","author":"Eycleshymer AC","year":"1917"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300057665"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Oxford Latin Dictionary","author":"Glare PGW","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130007901109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Imaging of the Larynx","author":"Hermans R","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/286711"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Studies in pre\u2010Vesalian anatomy, biography, translations, documents","author":"Lind LR","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Galen on the Usefulness of Parts of the Body","author":"May MT","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"The Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Larynx","author":"Negus VE","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, 1514\u20131564","author":"O'Malley CD","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-073X.2007.00180.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.980050607"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20342"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"De humani corporis fabrica","author":"Vesalius A","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Galen's discovery and promulgation of the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve","volume":"8","author":"Walsh J","year":"1926","journal-title":"Ann Med Hist"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Prelectiones Anatomie Universalis De Musculis, The Anatomical Lectures of William Harvey","author":"Whitteridge G","year":"1964"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.20912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.20912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T10:39:23Z","timestamp":1696675163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.20912"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.20912"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.20912","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]]}}}