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Its effect on axial humeral rotation is strongly related to firstly the amount of biceps tendon load, secondly glenohumeral scapular plane elevation, and thirdly the rotatory position of the humerus. At 0\u00b0 glenohumeral elevation, biceps tendon load caused an increase of internal humeral rotation, from 0\u00b0 at 2.25 N biceps tendon load to 23\u00b0 at 82.25 N. Under 45\u00b0 glenohumeral elevation, biceps tendon load can restrict and facilitate as well internal and external axial humeral rotation, increasing the rotatory range of motion. Above 45\u00b0 glenohumeral elevation biceps tendon load restricts internal and external axial humeral rotation, increasing actively joint stability by increasing torsional rigidity. These findings on the function of the biceps tendon could have consequences for the clinical interpretation. In the elevated arm position, extreme rotation loads the long head of the biceps tendon and may turn out to biceps or bicepslabrum complex injuries. Clin. 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