{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:34:43Z","timestamp":1789850083054,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]],"date-time":"2013-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the intersphincteric space of the anal canal, nerves are thought to \u201cchange\u201d from autonomic to somatic at the level of the squamous\u2010columnar epithelial junction of the anal canal. To compare the nerve configuration in the intersphincteric space with the configuration in adjacent areas of the human rectum, we immunohistochemically assessed tissue samples from 12 donated cadavers, using antibodies to S100, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and tyrosine hydroxylase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TH<\/jats:styled-content>). Antibody to S100 revealed a clear difference in intramuscular nerve distribution patterns between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the most inferior part of the rectum, with the former having a plexus\u2010like configuration, while the latter contained short, longitudinally running nerves. Most of the intramural ganglion cells in the anal canal were restricted to above the epithelial junction, but some were located just below that level. Near or at the level of the epithelial junction, the nerves along the rectal adventitia and Auerbach's nerve plexus joined to form intersphincteric nerves, with all these nerves containing both nNOS\u2010positive parasympathetic and TH\u2010positive sympathetic nerve fibers. Thus, it was histologically difficult to distinguish somatic intersphincteric nerves from the autonomic Auerbach's plexus. In the intersphincteric space, the autonomic nerve elements with intrapelvic courses seemed to \u201cborrow\u201d a nerve pathway in the peripheral branches of the pudendal nerve. Injury to the intersphincteric nerve during surgery may result in loss of innervation in the major part of the internal anal sphincter. Clin. Anat. 26:843\u2013854, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]],"date-time":"2013-03-20T04:44:48Z","timestamp":1363754688000},"page":"843-854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Nerves in the intersphincteric space of the human anal canal with special reference to their continuation to the enteric nerve plexus of the rectum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Hieda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hiroshima University School of Medicine Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Ho","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Jeonbuk Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Disease Center, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science Iksan 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