{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:03:08Z","timestamp":1790420588850,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The coccygeal plexus is variably described in anatomy texts and has rarely been studied despite the idiopathic nature of coccydynia in up to one\u2010third of affected patients. The plexus was therefore investigated using a combination of microdissection and histology. The distal sacrum and coccyx in continuity with ischiococcygeus were removed\n                    <jats:italic>en bloc<\/jats:italic>\n                    from 16 embalmed cadavers (mean age 78\u2009\u00b1\u200910 years, 7 females) with no local disease. Ten specimens underwent microdissection of the coccygeal plexus and the remaining six were examined histologically after staining with hematoxylin and eosin and S100 immunohistochemistry to demonstrate nerve fibers. The coccygeal plexus is formed\n                    <jats:italic>within<\/jats:italic>\n                    ischiococcygeus from the ventral rami of S4, S5, and Co1 with a contribution (gray rami communicantes) from the sacral sympathetic trunk. It gives rise to anococcygeal nerves which pierce ischiococcygeus and the sacrospinous ligament to supply the subcutaneous tissue on the dorsal aspect of the coccyx. Some branches from the plexus pass medially anterior to the coccyx. The coccycgeal plexus is formed within ischiococcygeus rather than on its pelvic surface and appears to supply skin in the anococcygeal region. It probably also contributes to the innervation of ischiococcygeus, the sacrospinous ligament, coccygeal ligaments, and periosteum. It deserves to be considered as a potential pain generator that may be implicated in some patients with coccydynia. Clin. Anat. 27:254\u2013260, 2014. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T02:23:14Z","timestamp":1364782994000},"page":"254-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Redefining the coccygeal plexus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jason T.K.","family":"Woon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Stringer*","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2000\u20132011)U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. HCUPnet: A tool for identifying tracking and analyzing national hospital statistics. URL:http:\/\/hcupnet.ahrq.gov[accessed 1 November 2012]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.124844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0805-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Handbuch der Neurologie","author":"Bumke O","year":"1936"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Evidence for a neuroimmunomodulatory and a hematopoietic role of the Luschka's coccygeal body(3)","volume":"21","author":"Conti A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Anatomical studies of Luschka's gland","volume":"59","author":"Marino V","year":"1975","journal-title":"Bull Assoc Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B9.18939"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2009.00291.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/110241598750005462"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-009-0442-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-007-0395-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001880307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Peripheral nerve injuries","author":"Haymaker W","year":"1953"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/23.3.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091020403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1617-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20636"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Bonica's Management of Pain","author":"Loeser JD","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012010-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"22354690","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging findings in the painful adult coccyx","author":"Maigne JY","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"358","volume-title":"Clinically Oriented Anatomy","author":"Moore KL","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B12.25486"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"Atlas of Human Anatomy","author":"Netter FH","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Aids to the examination of the peripheral nervous system","author":"O'Brien M","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"The human vertebral column at the end of the embryonic period proper. IV. The sacrococcygeal region","volume":"168","author":"O'Rahilly R","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2010.00404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2005.05206.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Cunningham's manual of practical anatomy","author":"Romanes GJ","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.08.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"A morphological analysis of the nerve supply of the sphincter ani externus, levator ani and coccygeus","volume":"55","author":"Sato K","year":"1980","journal-title":"[Japanese]. Kaibogaku Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"1044","volume-title":"Gray's anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice","author":"Standring S","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B4.8239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2007\/10\/661","article-title":"Transsacrococcygeal approach to ganglion impar block for management of chronic perineal pain: a prospective observational study","volume":"10","author":"Toshniwal GR","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21216"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.22242","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.22242","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T18:56:30Z","timestamp":1696618590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.22242"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.22242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.22242","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}}}