{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:41:52Z","timestamp":1768891312171,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to establish normative data of laryngotracheal dimensions and shape and to evaluate differences associated with age and sex using three\u2010dimensional (3D) imaging. A total of 120 patients (64 boys and 56 girls) were included. Subjects were divided into four groups: Group 1 (0\u20132 years), Group 2 (3\u20137 years), Group 3 (8\u201313 years), and Group 4 (14\u201320 years). Using 3D image processing software, the laryngeal volume (LV), tracheal volume (TV), anteroposterior diameter at the glottis, cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) at the subglottis, and laryngeal angle (LA) of the thyroid laminae were measured. Parameters of laryngotracheal volume and size were positively correlated with age, whereas the LA was inversely correlated with age. The LV, TV, CSA\u20103 mm, and CSA\u20105\u2009mm exhibited a growth spurt in Groups 2 and 3. The LA decreased at a faster rate in Group 1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012). In Groups 1 and 2, there were no differences between genders for each laryngotracheal segmentation or plane. However, gender differences in the TV of Group 3 were statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.030). In Group 4, gender differences of all airway parameters were evident. Volume and other dimensions of the laryngotracheal airway increase with age. There was a significant increase in the LV, TV, CSA\u20103 mm, and CSA\u20105\u2009mm in Groups 2 and 3. The LA correlated negatively with age in the Group 1. Significant sex dimorphisms are evident in Group 4. Clin. Anat. 27:360\u2013364, 2014. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T18:09:07Z","timestamp":1374775747000},"page":"360-364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Age\u2010related changes of the larynx and trachea assessed by three\u2010dimensional computed tomography in children: Application to endotracheal intubation and bronchoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jae\u2010Hyun","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se\u2010Hwan","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010Myung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung\u2010Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young\u2010Hoon","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318193d521"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949310200301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-003-1153-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"76","volume-title":"The larynx: A Multidisciplinary Approach","author":"Fried M","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488509108902"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"22","volume-title":"Vocal Fold Physiology: Contemporary Research and Clinical Issues","author":"Hirano M","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"411","volume-title":"Anatomy for Surgeons: The Head and Neck","author":"Hollinshead WH","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20815"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2112072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09091801"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"383","article-title":"Management of tracheal stenosis in children","volume":"49","author":"Molter DW","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2004\/029)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Peadiatric Otolaryngology","author":"Sylvan E","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.980060305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2012.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"451","volume-title":"The Larynx","author":"Wiatrak BJ","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.22290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.22290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T05:39:01Z","timestamp":1694497141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.22290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.22290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.22290","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]]}}}