{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T07:04:16Z","timestamp":1783667056634,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]],"date-time":"2013-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a broad community of health sciences professionals interested in the anatomy of the cranial nerves (CNs): specialists in neurology, neurosurgery, radiology, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, maxillofacial surgery, radiation oncology, and emergency medicine, as well as other related fields. Advances in neuroimaging using high\u2010resolution images from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) have made highly\u2010detailed visualization of brain structures possible, allowing normal findings to be routinely assessed and nervous system pathology to be detected. In this article we present an integrated perspective of the normal anatomy of the CNs established by radiologists and neurosurgeons in order to provide a practical imaging review, which combines 128\u2010slice dual\u2010source multiplanar images from CT cisternography and 3T MR curved reconstructed images. The information about the CNs includes their origin, course (with emphasis on the cisternal segments and location of the orifices at the skull base transmitting them), function, and a brief listing of the most common pathologies affecting them. The scope of the article is clinical anatomy; readers will find specialized texts presenting detailed information about particular topics. Our aim in this article is to provide a helpful reference for understanding the complex anatomy of the cranial nerves. Clin. Anat. 27:31\u201345, 2014. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,3]],"date-time":"2013-12-03T04:13:14Z","timestamp":1386043994000},"page":"31-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["3T MRI and 128\u2010slice dual\u2010source CT cisternography images of the cranial nerves a brief pictorial review for clinicians"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Roldan\u2010Valadez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Unit Medica Sur Clinic &amp; Foundation Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime J.","family":"Martinez\u2010Anda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Corona\u2010Cedillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Unit Medica Sur Clinic &amp; Foundation Mexico City Mexico"},{"name":"Computed Tomography Unit Medica Sur Clinic &amp; Foundation Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","first-page":"817","volume-title":"Grant's Atlas of Anatomy","author":"Agur AMR","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01001"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","volume-title":"Cranial Nerves: Anatomy, Pathology, Imaging","author":"Binder DK","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0572-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.5.JNS11792"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902220102"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.2.582"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1311753"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000333767.05328.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","first-page":"65","volume-title":"High\u2010Yield Neuroanatomy","author":"Fix JD","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.23.1.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000351774.81674.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.103015"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.60.6.1226"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","volume-title":"Cranial Nerves Functional Anatomy","author":"Monkhouse S","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901580202"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2007.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200009001-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200009001-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200009001-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200210001-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200210001-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200210001-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e31823e9b00"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1969.32.2.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22157"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901770303"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199909000-00028"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2013.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_32_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Effects of vagus nerve stimulation in visceral pain model","volume":"52","author":"Zurowski D","year":"2012","journal-title":"Folia Med Cracov"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.22311","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.22311","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T05:42:39Z","timestamp":1694497359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.22311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.22311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.22311","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,2]]}}}