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The lengthier appendix vermiformis in herbivores has been associated with the presence of cellulose\u2010digesting bacteria that colonize the structure. In light of recent studies that have reported the digestion of small amounts of cellulose in humans and the preventive effects of a vegetarian diet on colon cancer, we conducted a retrospective study of abdominal CT scans of 60 colon cancer patients and 60 healthy people to investigate a possible relationship between colon cancer and appendix vermiformis length. The mean length of the appendix in cancer patients [65.178 mm \u00b1 13.46 (SD)] was shorter than that in the healthy control group [101.99 mm \u00b1 16.58 (SD)] and the difference was statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Statistical analysis demonstrated that the ages of the cancer patient group and the control group did not differ significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.534). The results of the present study indicate that the appendix is not merely a vestigial structure or regressed lymphoid tissue, but rather an organ that could be critical in the development of colon cancer, whether as a result of congenital or acquired appendicular factors. Clin. Anat. 27:498\u2013502, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]],"date-time":"2014-02-05T11:28:30Z","timestamp":1391599710000},"page":"498-502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The short appendix vermiformis as a risk factor for colorectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yusuf Ozgur","family":"Cakmak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy School of Medicine, Koc University, Sariyer Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rabia","family":"Ergelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology School of Medicine, Marmara University, Pendik Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gazanfer","family":"Ekinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology School of Medicine, Marmara University, Pendik Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elif Cigdem","family":"Kaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics School of Medicine,Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"The position, length and arterial supply of vermiform appendix","volume":"153","author":"Ajmani ML","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"2252","article-title":"Influence of the diet on cell proliferation in the large bowel and the rectum. 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