{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T06:03:34Z","timestamp":1762409014565},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]],"date-time":"2014-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The tendons of the Extensor Digitorum Communis (EDC) are frequently injured in hand trauma. Dislocation and spontaneous rupture can also occur during the course of wrist osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The EDC exhibits many variations including splitting of its individual slips to the medial four fingers or their absence. The aim of this systematic review is to assemble evidence about the prevalence of the EDC and its variants on the dorsum of the hand. Twenty\u2010four cadaveric studies met the inclusion criteria, providing data from a total of 2,005 hands. Meta\u2010analysis yielded the following results: (a) for EDC\u2010II (Index), the pooled prevalence estimates (PPEs) were 99.8, 98, 1.8, and 0.2% for the total, single, double, and triple slips, respectively; (b) for EDC\u2010III (Middle), the PPEs were 100, 67.7, 24.2, 6, and 0.42% for the total, single, double, triple, and quadruple slips, respectively; (c) for EDC\u2010IV (Ring), the PPEs were 100, 58.6, 29.1, 7.1, and 1.3% for the total, single, double, triple, and quadruple slips, respectively; (d) for EDC\u2010V (Little), the PPEs were 63.2, 58.5, 10.4, 0.94, and 25% for the total, single, double, triple, and common 4th\u20135th slips, respectively. There were no significant differences in relation to hand side. Many EDC slip variants demonstrated some interaction with ancestry. A sound knowledge of EDC variants and their prevalences is paramount for assessing and treating hand injuries and disorders. Clin. Anat. 27:1284\u20131290, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]],"date-time":"2014-06-23T08:31:29Z","timestamp":1403512289000},"page":"1284-1290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The prevalence of the extensor digitorum communis tendon and its insertion variants: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kaissar","family":"Yammine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foot and Hand Clinic Center for Evidence\u2010Based Sport and Orthopedic Research, Emirates Hospital  Dubai UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.2013.0040"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Cadaveric study of the long extensor tendons of the finger over the dorsum of the hand","volume":"15","author":"Agarwal P","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"A study of anatomical variations of the extensor tendons of the index finger and their significance","volume":"1","author":"Bolwar PR","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Education & Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20710"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.1999.1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"612","article-title":"A comprehensive study of the extensor tendons to the medial four digits of the hand","volume":"34","author":"Dass P","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Surgical Anatomy of the Hand and Upper Extremity","author":"Doyle JR","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Extensor tendons of the fingers: Arrangement and variations","volume":"14","author":"el\u2010Badawi MGY","year":"1985","journal-title":"Al\u2010Azhar Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.980080604"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.980050506"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80441-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(96)80305-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"370","article-title":"Anatomical similarity between tendons and Type 3 intertendinous connections: Suitability as local donor tissue","volume":"45","author":"G\u00f6vsa F","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"480","article-title":"Zweib\u00e4uchiger Extensor digiti V propriusmanusmit Insertion eines seiner B\u00e4uche an die Basis des Metacarpal V, und die ihmhomologe Variante des Peroneus III","volume":"99","author":"Gruber W","year":"1885","journal-title":"Arch Path Anat Physiol Klin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(01)70045-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20878"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.1999.0239"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:EJEP.0000024662.32024.e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/229255030401200108","article-title":"Transfer of either index finger extensor tendon to the extensor pollicis longus tendon","volume":"12","author":"Meads BM","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Plast Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01654629"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2535\/ofaj1936.40.3_195"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(91)90026-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-008-9111-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196446010-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Last's Anatomy. Regional and Applied","author":"Sinnatamby CS","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","first-page":"880","volume-title":"Gray's Anatomy. The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice","author":"Standring S","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199101000-00021","article-title":"Extensor tendon rupture after osteoarthorosis of the wrist associated with nonrheumatoid positive ulnar variance","volume":"262","author":"Tada H","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20480"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000168884.88016.e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-011-9320-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80053-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(09)91078-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","first-page":"737","volume-title":"Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Medicine and Surgery","author":"Williams PW","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","first-page":"243","volume-title":"The morphology of the extrinsic muscles. The Principles of Anatomy as Seen in the Hand","author":"Wood FJ","year":"1946"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","article-title":"Evidence\u2010based anatomy","author":"Yammine K","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000091163.86851.9C"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.22429","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.22429","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T09:57:54Z","timestamp":1696586274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.22429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.22429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.22429","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,23]]}}}