{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T02:25:00Z","timestamp":1767839100877,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]],"date-time":"2014-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This retrospective study gives a summary of ophthalmic artery (OA) variations to serve as guidelines for surgical interventionists and trainees. Pubmed and Medline searches were conducted. The OA usually arises intradurally (superomedial, anteromedial, or rarely superolateral) from the internal carotid artery (ICA). Rare extradural origin (primitive dorsal OA) (PDOA) remnant and extremely rare interdural origin (primitive ventral OA) (PVOA) remnant are of significance when sectioning the dural ring. Rarely, a persistent PDOA with ICA origin, or a PDOA remnant with inferolateral trunk origin, enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure (SOF) for sole or partial orbital supply. Extremely rare, the PDOA and PVOA persist and form double OAs that arise from the ICA and run via the SOF and optic foramen. Occasionally, the OA arises from the middle meningeal artery (MMA), when both the PDOA and VDOA regress and enter the orbit via the SOF. Sole orbital supply via the external carotid artery (ECA), i.e. meningo\u2010ophthalmic artery and\/or MMA branches, or dual OAs (ECA and ICA origins) may occur. Other rare OA origins include anterior or posterior communicating artery; anterior or middle cerebral artery; basilar artery; posterior inferior cerebellar artery; and the carotid bifurcation. Primitive arteries (persistent or remnant), and\/or abnormal anastomoses play pivotal roles in manifestations of OA variations. Of clinical importance are orbital collateral routes and dangerous extracranial\u2010intracranial anastomoses. Awareness of OA origins and collateral routes is imperative for transarterial embolizations or infusion chemotherapy in the ECA territory to prevent visual complications. Clin. Anat. 28:576\u2013583, 2015. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]],"date-time":"2014-09-25T11:48:47Z","timestamp":1411645727000},"page":"576-583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Different ophthalmic artery origins: Embryology and clinical significance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Louise","family":"Louw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623709"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"425","article-title":"Segments of the internal carotid artery: A new classification","volume":"38","author":"Bouthiller A","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosurg."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-006-0028-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Persistent dorsal ophthalmic artery. Report of a case with associated fibromuscular hyperplasia of the extracranial internal carotid artery and multiple cerebral aneurysms","volume":"24","author":"Fiore DL","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurochirurgia (Stuttgart)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"A case of complete absence of both internal carotid arteries, with a preliminary note on the developmental history of the stapedial artery","volume":"48","author":"Fischer AG","year":"1913","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Absence of the left internal carotid artery","volume":"29","author":"Flemming EE","year":"1895","journal-title":"J Anat Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1500"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.55.4.0560"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.74.2.0287"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-012-1028-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2006.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18005022708"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702377"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"The central artery of the retina","volume":"46","author":"Hayreh SS","year":"1960","journal-title":"Br J Opthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.46.2.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.46.3.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.46.4.212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00342037","article-title":"Abnormal origin of the ophthalmic artery from the anterior cerebral artery: Neuroradiological and intraoperative findings","volume":"31","author":"Hassler W","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"An anomalous ophthalmic artery arising from the middle meningeal artery","volume":"147","author":"Hiura A","year":"1980","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"560","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the internal carotid artery","volume":"55","author":"Hokama M","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.11.JNS08766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Persistent non\u2010migrated ventral primitive ophthalmic artery. Report on one case","volume":"21","author":"Islak C","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01627574"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/159101990300900409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/159101990901500317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"An abnormal origin of the ophthalmic artery arising from the middle meningeal artery","volume":"63","author":"Konishi M","year":"1988","journal-title":"Kaibogaku Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.92.3.0488"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Craniofacial and Upper Cervical Arteries. Functional and Angiographic Aspects","author":"Lasjaunias PL","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00341426"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00344216"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00347072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2009.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.51.579"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200108000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Anomaly in the circle of Willis due to absence of the right internal carotid artery","volume":"10","author":"Lowrey LG","year":"1915","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.141.2.7291564"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","first-page":"414","article-title":"Zur Anatomie der Orbitalarteien","volume":"12","author":"Meyer F","year":"1887","journal-title":"Morph Jahr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01628119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"405","article-title":"Anomalous ophthalmic artery\u2010case reports and review of literature","volume":"34","author":"Nakagawa T","year":"1982","journal-title":"No Ton Shikei"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Agenesis of the left internal carotid artery with an ophthalmic artery arising from the posterior communicating artery","volume":"15","author":"Nakata H","year":"1987","journal-title":"No Shinkei Geka"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-013-1132-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.2.01840571"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02426466"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"The development of the cranial arteries in the human embryo","volume":"32","author":"Padget DH","year":"1948","journal-title":"Contri Embryol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0745-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.1.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"Radiological anatomy of the origin of the ophthalmic artery","volume":"1","author":"Picard L","year":"1975","journal-title":"Mod Probl Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000147591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091340109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1975.43.3.0288"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200210001-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","first-page":"1730","article-title":"Ophthalmic artery originating from basilar artery: Rare variant","volume":"25","author":"Sade B","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","first-page":"550","article-title":"An orbital arteriovenous malformation in a patient with origin of the ophthalmic artery from the basilar artery","volume":"15","author":"Schumacher M","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7887\/jcns.4.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.45.470"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5797\/jnet.3.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","unstructured":"Terminologia Anatomica. Segments of the internal carotid artery. URL:http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terminologia_Anatomica.net[accessed July 2014]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-012-0965-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-012-1005-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-013-1085-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050353"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510050081016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02109631"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.22470","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.22470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.22470","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ca.22470","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.22470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T02:47:07Z","timestamp":1693968427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.22470"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.22470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.22470","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]]}}}