{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T16:04:14Z","timestamp":1769011454409,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]],"date-time":"2014-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pelvic organ prolapse, a herniation of pelvic organs through the vagina, is a common condition in older women. Pelvic organ prolapse distorts vaginal anatomy making pelvic examination difficult. A clinician must accurately identify anatomic landmarks both in women presenting with symptoms of prolapse and in women noted to have coincidental prolapse during routine gynecologic examination. We present a systematic approach to the female pelvic examination including anatomic landmarks of the external genitalia, vagina, and uterus in women with normal support as well as changes that occur with pelvic organ prolapse. Knowledge and awareness of normal anatomic landmarks will improve a clinician's ability to identify defects in pelvic support and allow for better diagnosis and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. Clin. Anat. 28:305\u2013313, 2015. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]],"date-time":"2014-09-25T11:47:39Z","timestamp":1411645659000},"page":"305-313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Physical examination of the female internal and external genitalia with and without pelvic organ prolapse: A review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Avita K.","family":"Pahwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan S.","family":"Siegelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lily A.","family":"Arya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000263925.97887.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Colorectal Surgery","author":"Bailey HR","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saint Louis: Saunders"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"BarberMD.2014. Surgical Female Urogenital Anatomy. URL:https:\/\/www.uptodate.com+surgical\u2010female\u2010urogenital\u2010anatomy?source=search_result&search=anterolateral+sulci&selectedTitle=5%7E150[accessed April 2014]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130802366670"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70243-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2255-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"413","volume-title":"Gray's Anatomy for Students","author":"Drake R","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0b013e3181951e98"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00128360-200401000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-010-9607-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"1279","volume-title":"Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice","author":"Healy JC","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.123819"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"644","volume-title":"Williams Gynecology","author":"Hoffman BL","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Advances in Reconstructive Vaginal Surgery","author":"Kovac SR","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1960.tb40886.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00517.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00128360-200407000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.spv.0000080496.16837.3d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20144"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63188-4","article-title":"Anatomical relationship between urethra and clitoris","volume":"159","author":"O'Connell HE","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00875.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181f38599"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jus.2009.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.33.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Te Linde's Operative Gynecology","author":"Rock JA","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"68","volume-title":"Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery: Clinical Practice and Surgical Atlas","author":"Rogers RG","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4501.477"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","unstructured":"SokolA ShveikyD.2008. Clinical anatomy of the vulva vagina lower pelvis and perineum. URL:http:\/\/www.glowm.com\/section_view\/heading\/Clinical%20Anatomy%20of%20the%20Vulva %20Vagina %20Lower%20Pelvis %20and%20Perineum\/item\/445 [accessed October 2013]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Clitoral size in normal women","volume":"80","author":"Verkauf BS","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gyneol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"2283","volume-title":"Campbell\u2010Walsh Urology","author":"Wein AJ","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1281481"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.22472","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.22472","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T07:42:09Z","timestamp":1694504529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.22472"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.22472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.22472","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]]}}}