{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:58:52Z","timestamp":1791421132530,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little information is available regarding the sensory nerve endings within the glabrous skin of the external female genitalia. The diversity of possible sensations suggests a variety of receptor types. Comprehensive knowledge of the sensory stimuli, including stimulus position, changes in temperature, pressure and pain, is critical for addressing pain and sexual function disorders clinically. The aim of this neuro\u2010histological study is document the presence and characteristics of cutaneous sensory receptors in female genital tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Labial skin samples were obtained from ten normal girls (aged 1\u20139 years). The specimens were waste tissue obtained during surgical intervention. They were all obtained by the senior investigator, a pediatric urologist, after the parent or legal guardian had given informed consent. The specimens were stained by Cajal\u2010type silver impregnation and by immunocytochemistry against protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 and neuron\u2010specific enolase (NSE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PGP 9.5 was the most sensitive neural marker for identifying cutaneous sensory receptors. Free nerve endings (FNEs) in the papillary dermis appeared as thin fibers, varicose, branched or single processed, straight or bent. In the labia minora, FNEs were identified in the strata basale, spinosum and granulosum of the epidermis. Non\u2010capsulated (Meissner\u2010like) corpuscles in the dermal papillae interdigitated with epidermal ridges of the skin. Capsulated corpuscles protruded from the deep dermis into the epidermis. Encapsulated corpuscles and cells located in the inner and outer cores were strongly positive for PGP 9.5.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>FNEs, Meissner's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles are present in the female labia minora and exhibit characteristic staining patterns. Clin. Anat. 28:392\u2013398, 2015. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T13:17:07Z","timestamp":1422883027000},"page":"392-398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Terminal innervation of female genitalia, cutaneous sensory receptors of the epithelium of the labia minora"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Justine","family":"Schober","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Rockefeller University New York New York"},{"name":"UPMC Hamot Erie Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Aardsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Rockefeller University New York New York"},{"name":"Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Erie Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lazarus","family":"Mayoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Rockefeller University New York New York"},{"name":"UPMC Hamot Erie Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Pfaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Rockefeller University New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nieves","family":"Mart\u00edn\u2010Alguacil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Rockefeller University New York New York"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)68052-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-4-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-1797-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(78)90631-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"The epidermis: A sensory tissue","volume":"18","author":"Boulais N","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp011856"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.06.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.176040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pain mechanisms: Labeledlines versus convergence in central processing","volume":"26","author":"Craig AD","year":"2003","journal-title":"AnnuRevNeurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"1475","article-title":"[The first appearance and development of Vater\u2010Pacini lamellar corpuscles in the labia major and mons pubis pudendi and their significance in the determination of the age of the human fetus] [Serbian]","volume":"109","author":"Djordjevi\u0107\u2010Camba V","year":"1981","journal-title":"SrpArhCelokLek"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FoulkesT WoodJN.2008. 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