{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:34:57Z","timestamp":1786977297761,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]],"date-time":"2015-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"comments and suggestions that improved this manuscript"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) is caused by a lack of merging of maxillary and nasal facial prominences during development and morphogenesis. BCLP is associated with congenital defects of the oronasal facial region that can impair ingestion, mastication, speech, and dentofacial development. Using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, 7\u2010 to 18\u2010year old individuals born with BCLP (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200915) and age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200915) were retrospectively assessed. Coordinate values of three\u2010dimensional facial skeletal anatomical landmarks (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200932) were measured from each CBCT image. Data were evaluated using principal coordinates analysis (PCOORD) and Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA). PCOORD axes 1\u20133 explain approximately 45% of the morphological variation between samples, and specific patterns of morphological differences were associated with each axis. Approximately, 30% of facial skeletal measures significantly differ by confidence interval testing (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.10) between samples. While significant form differences occur across the facial skeleton, strong patterns of differences are localized to the lateral and superioinferior aspects of the nasal aperture. In conclusion, the BCLP deformity significantly alters facial skeletal morphology of the midface and oronasal regions of the face, but morphological differences were also found in the upper facial skeleton and to a lesser extent, the lower facial skeleton. This pattern of strong differences in the oronasal region of the facial skeleton combined with differences across the rest of the facial complex underscores the idea that bones of the craniofacial skeleton are integrated. Clin. Anat. 28:584\u2013592, 2015. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]],"date-time":"2015-03-04T10:59:52Z","timestamp":1425466792000},"page":"584-592","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Bilateral cleft lip and palate: A morphometric analysis of facial skeletal form using cone beam computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"John M.","family":"Starbuck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, School of Dentistry Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana"},{"name":"Department of Sociology and Anthropology Indiana University Northwest Gary Indiana"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Central Florida Orlando Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ghoneima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, School of Dentistry Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Kula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, School of Dentistry Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844318709083572"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31361"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(05)73001-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2013.43.3.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1998_035_0111_cmiapw_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200011020-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"FrielM StarbuckJ MurageK GhoneimaA KulaK TholpadyS HavlikRJ FloresR.2013.Airway obstruction and the unilateral cleft lip deformity: Contributions by the bony septum. 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