{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:50:28Z","timestamp":1791989428342,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,11]],"date-time":"2015-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Injury to the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (MMN) during surgery often results in poor functional and cosmetic outcomes. A line two finger breadths or 2 cm inferior to the border of the mandible is commonly used in planning neck incisions to avoid injury to the MMN. The purpose was to compare the two finger breadth\/2 cm landmarks in predicting MMN course, and their accuracy\/reliability. Thirty\u2010one cadaveric specimens were scanned to obtain 3D surface topography (FARO\u00ae scanner). Four independent raters pinned the inferior border of the mandible and a two finger breadth line and 2cm line below. The location of each pin was digitized (Microscribe\u2122). A preauricular flap was raised, and MMN branches were digitized and modelled (Geomagic\u00ae\/Maya\u00ae) enabling quantification of the accuracy of these landmarks. The location of the two\u2010finger breadth line was variable, spanning 25\u201351 mm below the inferior border of the mandible (ICC\u2009=\u20090.10). The most inferior MMN branch did not pass below the two\u2010finger breadth line in any specimen, but a narrow clearance zone (\u22645 mm) was found in two. In contrast, in 7\/31 specimens, the most inferior MMN branch coursed below the 2 cm line and would be at risk of injury. It was concluded that an incision two finger breadths below the inferior border of the mandible could provide safer access than the 2 cm line. After an incision has been placed using the two finger\u2010breadth landmark, caution must be exercised during dissection as branches of the MMN may lie only a few millimeters superior to the incision. Clin. Anat. 29:151\u2013156, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]],"date-time":"2015-06-19T18:07:51Z","timestamp":1434737271000},"page":"151-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Evaluation of clinically relevant landmarks of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve: A three\u2010dimensional study with application to avoiding facial nerve palsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Joel C.","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy Department of Surgery, University of Toronto  Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayoorendra","family":"Ravichandiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy Department of Surgery, University of Toronto  Ontario M5S 1A8 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