{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T01:15:34Z","timestamp":1773623734563,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2017R1A2B4003781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1A2B4003781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Three\u2010dimensional (3 D)\u2010scanning\u2010based morphological studies of the face are commonly included in various clinical procedures. This study evaluated validity and reliability of a 3 D scanning system by comparing the ultrasound (US) imaging system versus the direct measurement of facial skin. The facial skin thickness at 19 landmarks was measured using the three different methods in 10 embalmed adult Korean cadavers. Skin thickness was first measured using the ultrasound device, then 3 D scanning of the facial skin surface was performed. After the skin on the left half of face was gently dissected, deviating slightly right of the midline, to separate it from the subcutaneous layer, and the harvested facial skin's thickness was measured directly using neck calipers. The dissected specimen was then scanned again, then the scanned images of undissected and dissected faces were superimposed using Morpheus Plastic Solution (version 3.0) software. Finally, the facial skin thickness was calculated from the superimposed images. The ICC value for the correlations between the 3 D scanning system and direct measurement showed excellent reliability (0.849, 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.799\u20130.887). Bland\u2010Altman analysis showed a good level of agreement between the 3 D scanning system and direct measurement (bias\u2009=\u20090.49\u2009\u00b1\u20090.49 mm, mean\u00b1SD). These results demonstrate that the 3 D scanning system precisely reflects structural changes before and after skin dissection. Therefore, an in\u2010depth morphological study using this 3 D scanning system could provide depth data about the main anatomical structures of face, thereby providing crucial anatomical knowledge for utilization in various clinical applications. Clin. Anat. 30:878\u2013886, 2017. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]],"date-time":"2017-06-07T08:36:50Z","timestamp":1496824610000},"page":"878-886","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Validity and reliability of a structured\u2010light 3D scanner and an ultrasound imaging system for measurements of facial skin thickness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Kang\u2010Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul 03722 South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul 03722 South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young\u2010Chun","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul 03722 South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung\u2010Seok","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul 03722 South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1139-6261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee\u2010Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul 03722 South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0702-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjv079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000161682.63535.9B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.20665"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000188347.06365.a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Clinical Anatomy of the Face for Filler and Botulinum Toxin Injection","author":"Kim HJ","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-002-0034-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2009.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2013.0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000155599750010283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2014.12.010"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.22931","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.22931","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T18:54:50Z","timestamp":1696618490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.22931"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.22931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.22931","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]}}}