{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:46:02Z","timestamp":1789501562048,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The anatomy of the frontal sinus is highly variable and its variations affect the occurrence\/course of pathological processes. We investigated its size and relationship to the orbit, searching for patterns that would allow it to be classified anatomically. Cone beam computed tomography was applied to 91 skulls (age range 21\u201386 years) to determine sinus height, width, length, and length of contact with the orbit in the coronal and sagittal planes. In addition, orbital roof pneumatization in the coronal plane was categorized as: none; only medial part pneumatized; the medial and a portion of the central part pneumatized; roof predominantly pneumatized. Sinus dimensions varied widely (mm): height 6.2\u201350.0; width 3.7\u201354.0; length 2.4\u201345.0; frontal orbital contact 4.0\u201341.6; sagittal orbital contact 0.0\u201341.2. Pneumatization of the orbital roof (coronal plane) mostly affected the medial and a portion of the central part (50%), or the roof was predominantly pneumatized (32%). Three \u201ctypes\u201d of sinus (cluster analysis) were distinguished by the extent of pneumatization of the orbital roof in the coronal plane: \u201csmall\u201d, pneumatization absent or only of the medial part; \u201cmedium\u2010sized\u201d, pneumatization of the medial and a portion of the central part; \u201clarge\u201d, roof predominantly pneumatized. All dimensions were significantly different among the types (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Sinus type was fairly predictive of the extent of contact with the orbit in the sagittal plane (not routinely assessed clinically). The data confirm the variability of frontal sinus anatomy and suggest a simple and straightforward classification with potential clinical relevance. Clin. Anat. 31:576\u2013582, 2018. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T08:32:40Z","timestamp":1508229160000},"page":"576-582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Anatomical variations of the frontal sinus and its relationship with the orbital cavity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8632-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"\u0160tokovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb Zagreb 10000 Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Trkulja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia Zagreb 10000 Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"\u010cukovi\u0107\u2010Bagi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia Zagreb 10000 Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine University Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia Zagreb 10000 Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomislav","family":"Lauc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Zagreb Zagreb 10000 Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Osijek Osijek 31000 Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lovorka","family":"Grgurevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb Zagreb 10000 Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","article-title":"Tables of Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: 2015,National Health Interview Survey","author":"Blackwell DL","year":"2016","journal-title":"National Center for Health Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2006.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Analysis of paranasal sinus development and anatomical variations: a CT genetic study in twins","volume":"32","author":"Chaiyasate S","year":"2007","journal-title":"ClinOtolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22532"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2012.677064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"KrogmanWM.1962. 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