{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T09:52:51Z","timestamp":1792317171702,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]],"date-time":"2017-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gender reaffirmation surgery is the final step in an individual's transition to their preferred gender. A clear understanding of the anatomy pertinent to this procedure is essential by the surgeon and patient. In male\u2010to\u2010female transgenders, female genitalia is constructed using the individual's penile skin to form the neovaginal canal and their scrotal skin folds post orchiectomy to create the labia majora. The surgical precursors of the remaining anatomical structures of the female genitalia are as follows: the clitoris is crafted from the glans penis and hence retains its innervation, the labia minora is formed using excess penile skin tissue, and the long male urethra is shortened to that of its feminine counterpart. The main goal of these reconstructive methods is to create a functionally and aesthetically acceptable vagina and vulva, as well as normal voiding function and satisfactory sexual function. Surgical text descriptions were enhanced by the creation of new anatomic illustrations. Review of the relevant literature regarding the anatomy, procedure development, and outcomes is presented. Vaginoplasty utilizing penile skin grafts with scrotal flaps provides an aesthetically acceptable and psychologically satisfying results with normal voiding and sexual function. An advantage includes preserved erogenous sensation. Complications can arise, including chronic inflammation and fistula formation. The anatomy of vaginoplasty using penile skin grafts with scrotal flaps supports patients seeking male\u2010to\u2010female gender reaffirmation surgery. Clin. Anat. 31:140\u2013144, 2018. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,27]],"date-time":"2017-11-27T08:33:12Z","timestamp":1511771592000},"page":"140-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Anatomy of genital reaffirmation surgery (male\u2010to\u2010female): Vaginoplasty using penile skin graft with scrotal flaps"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Leah","family":"Saylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Erie Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenell","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St.George's University School of Medicine  St George's Grenada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xochitl","family":"Vinaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St.George's University School of Medicine  St George's Grenada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2811-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios","family":"Loukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St.George's University School of Medicine  St George's Grenada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6720-3553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justine","family":"Schober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Urology Hamot Medical Center Erie Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000391"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/638919"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","first-page":"475","article-title":"Surgical outcome after penile inversion vaginoplasty: a retrospective study of transgender women","volume":"138","author":"Buncamper M","year":"2016","journal-title":". J Plastic Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003108"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"An update on the surgical treatment for transgender patients","volume":"5","author":"Colebunders B","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","unstructured":"DSM\u20105 Updates.2013. Gender Dysphoria. American Psychiatric Association. URL:https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/psychiatrists\/practice\/dsm\/educational-resources\/dsm-5-fact-sheets[accessed Oct 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12868"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382012000100014","article-title":"Gender reassignment surgery \u2013 a 13 year review of surgical outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Neto R","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","volume-title":"Management of Gender Dysphoria","author":"Perovic SV.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12936"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2006.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.12.003"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.23015","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.23015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T21:51:33Z","timestamp":1694555493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.23015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.23015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.23015","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]]}}}