{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:29:03Z","timestamp":1784939343488,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"CEU San Pablo University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Madrid-Montepr\u00edncipe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida"},{"name":"Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent anatomical discoveries indicate the importance of identifying membranes and compartments surrounding peripheral nerves into which local anesthetic agents can be injected and continuous nerve block catheters placed during regional anesthetic procedures. However, current markers used in anatomical studies have multiple drawbacks, specifically extravasation into noninjected locations, which can result in inadequate treatment. We studied a readily\u2010available new marker, heparinized blood solution (HBS), which is easy to identify by microscopy and can remain in the nerve compartment into which it is deposited without distorting the tissue. We collected blood from 22 patients and prepared it as HBS. This was then injected into four fresh cadavers as in routine clinical practice for ultrasound\u2010guided nerve blocks to form a so\u2010called \u201cdoughnut\u201d by \u201chydro\u2010dissecting\u201d at 32 sites. All samples, including nerves and neighboring tissues, were then prepared and examined by light microscopy. Although no deliberate intraneural injection was attempted, the marker was identified inside all the nerve compartments except the fascicles. Apart from leaking through the needle entry site in some instances, there was no extravasation of the HBS into neighboring nerve compartments in either direction. The tissues were not distorted and the erythrocytes did not form a thrombus. Nerve membranes and compartments could be clearly identified with routine staining. This technique enabled us to study the longitudinal and circumferential spread in all nerve compartments and to collect data for better interpretation of factors influencing an anesthetic nerve block and situations in which complications could possibly arise. HBS seemed superior to other markers because it did not leave the compartments into which it had been injected, did not distort the tissue, and was easily visible under the light microscope. Clin. Anat., 31:1050\u20131057, 2018. \u00a9 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T10:34:30Z","timestamp":1534415670000},"page":"1050-1057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A novel marker for identifying and studying the membranes, barriers, and compartments surrounding peripheral nerves microscopically"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9078-1020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MIGUEL A.","family":"REINA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEU San Pablo University School of Medicine  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Madrid\u2010Montepr\u00edncipe University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1221-1214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ANDR\u00c9 P.","family":"BOEZAART","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology and Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9126-0179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"XAVIER","family":"SALA\u2010BLANCH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ENRIQUE","family":"MONZ\u00d3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Madrid\u2010Montepr\u00edncipe University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. SHANE","family":"TUBBS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Science Foundation, Department of Anatomical Sciences St. George's University  Grenada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANNA","family":"SERVER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PAUL","family":"BIGELEISEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University of Maryland  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e31825145f3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09522-6_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e31829ffcb4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181e859f0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09522-6_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09522-6_6"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.23253","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.23253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T04:17:30Z","timestamp":1694751450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.23253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.23253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.23253","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}