{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:06:21Z","timestamp":1791644781526,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the anatomical variations in the termination of the thoracic duct (TD) in cadavers or patients by anatomical dissections and surgical or radiological procedures for better knowledge of the interindividual variations through a systematic review. The search strategy included PubMed and reference tracking. Studies were identified by searching the electronic Medline databases. The search terms included \u201cTD,\u201d \u201cJugular Vein,\u201d \u201cSubclavian Vein,\u201d or \u201cCervical,\u201d and the protocol used is reported herein. These search results yielded 20 qualitative review articles out of the 275 articles consulted. We collected all the important data from these 20 articles with 1,352 TD analyzed by varying sources in our search. Regarding the characteristics of the studies and the anatomy of the TD, the results were heterogeneous. The TD most commonly terminates in the internal jugular vein in 54.05% of cases (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.03; 54.07), in the jugular\u2010venous angle in 25.79% (95% CI: 25.77; 25.81), and in the subclavian vein in 8.16% of cases (95% CI: 8.14;8.18). Other terminations were found in 12% of cases. This systematic review provided an overview of the variations in the distal portion of the TD. This study can be helpful for surgeons in selecting the most appropriate methods to achieve successful surgical results and avoid complications, such as chylothorax; it also offers detailed information on the cervical termination of the TD in new diagnostic and therapeutic methods involving the TD. Clin. Anat. 32:99\u2013107, 2019. \u00a9 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T01:29:50Z","timestamp":1569979790000},"page":"99-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Anatomical variations in distal portion of the thoracic duct\u2014A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0907-0315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Bellier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Boulevard de la Chantourne  INSERM CIC1406, 38700 La Tronche France"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Anatomie Des Alpes Fran\u00e7aises Grenoble Alpes University, Place du commandant Nal, Domaine de La Merci  38700 La Tronche France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Sebastian","family":"Pardo Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Anatomie Des Alpes Fran\u00e7aises Grenoble Alpes University, Place du commandant Nal, Domaine de La Merci  38700 La Tronche France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Cassiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Anatomie Des Alpes Fran\u00e7aises Grenoble Alpes University, Place du commandant Nal, Domaine de La Merci  38700 La Tronche France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Desbrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Anatomie Des Alpes Fran\u00e7aises Grenoble Alpes University, Place du commandant Nal, Domaine de La Merci  38700 La Tronche France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Guigui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Boulevard de la Chantourne  INSERM CIC1406, 38700 La Tronche France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Chaffanjon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Anatomie Des Alpes Fran\u00e7aises Grenoble Alpes University, Place du commandant Nal, Domaine de La Merci  38700 La Tronche France"},{"name":"GIPSA\u2010Lab\u2014Department of Parole et Cognition, UMR 5216, Grenoble Campus, 11 rue des Math\u00e9matiques, BP46  38402 Saint Martin d'H\u00e8res Cedex France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0082-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"40 dissections of the thoracic duct; 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