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The specimens were serially sectioned before being stained with Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin, and immunostained for SMs, and somatic, adrenergic, sensory and nitrergic nerve fibers. Slides were digitized for three\u2010dimensional reconstruction. We individualized a middle compartment that contains SM cells. This compartment is in close relation with the levator ani muscle (LAM), rectum, and urethra. We describe a posterior part of the middle compartment posterior to the rectal wall and an anterior part anterior to the rectal wall. The anterior part is split into (1) a centro\u2010levator area of SM cells localized between the right and left LAM, (2) an endo\u2010levator area that upholsters the internal aspect of the LAM, and (3) an infra\u2010levator area below the LAM. All these areas are innervated by autonomic nerves coming from the inferior hypogastric plexus. The core and the infra\u2010levator area receive the cavernous nerve and nerves supplying the urethra. We thus demonstrate that these muscular structures are smooth and under autonomic influence. These findings are relevant for the pelvic surgeon, and especially the urologist, during radical prostatectomy, abdominoperineal resection and intersphincteric resection. Clin. Anat., 2019. \u00a9 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T02:16:12Z","timestamp":1574216172000},"page":"810-822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Smooth muscle of the male pelvic floor: An anatomic study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4751-9080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystel","family":"Nyangoh Timoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1195, University Paris Sud, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  Le Kremlin\u2010Bicetre France"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hopital Universitaire de Rennes, University Rennes 1  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Deffon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1195, University 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