{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:04:55Z","timestamp":1791932695584,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cadaveric surgical courses are highly useful in developing operative skills, however, the provenance of the cadavers themselves remains opaque. Trade in cadaveric parts is an important source of material for courses, and this has spawned the unique service of body brokerage. Body brokers, however, operate in an unregulated market and obtain bodies by exploiting family members' altruistic instincts and financial concerns. Unethical and illegal sale of body parts has been well\u2010documented, while the use of cadavers for uses other than that consented by donors is also a key concern. Undoubtedly, cadaveric surgical courses would have used bodies sourced from brokers, and questions remain about the moral and ethical implications of this. We discuss this issue using an ethical and historical context as well as offering solutions to ensure the ethical sourcing of cadavers for surgical training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,26]],"date-time":"2020-01-26T07:59:28Z","timestamp":1580025568000},"page":"872-875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Where do these cadavers come from?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2321-2204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nithish","family":"Jayakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma &amp; Orthopaedics Queen's Hospital Burton  Burton upon Trent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajjad","family":"Athar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma &amp; Orthopaedics Queen's Hospital Burton  Burton upon Trent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Ashwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma &amp; Orthopaedics Queen's Hospital Burton  Burton upon Trent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","unstructured":"Blakeslee S. Broder J.M. &Pollack A.(2004). In science's name Lucrative Trade in Body Parts \u2010 The New York Times. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2004\/03\/12\/us\/in-science-s-name-lucrative-trade-in-body-parts.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","unstructured":"Carney S.(2007). Inside India's underground trade in human remains.WIRED. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.wired.com\/2007\/11\/ff-bones\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","volume-title":"Body brokers: Inside America's Underground Trade in Human Remains","author":"Cheney A.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.2015.48.3.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/147870811X582954"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002227"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20873"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","unstructured":"Human Tissue Authority. (2017). Codes of practice. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.hta.gov.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/HTA%20Code%20A.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","unstructured":"Innes S.(2019). Biological resource center raid: FBI finds cooler of penises. Azcentral. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.azcentral.com\/story\/news\/local\/arizona-health\/2019\/07\/19\/cooler-penises-frankenstein-head-found-phoenix-body-donation-company\/1720254001\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11325"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.980070209"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Exhibiting madness in museums: Remembering psychiatry through collection and display","author":"Jones D. G.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21223"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12084"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aet2.10103"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_1","unstructured":"London Anatomy Office. (2020). King's College London. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.kcl.ac.uk\/lsm\/study\/departments\/anatomy\/lao\/about\/index"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300003987"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_1","unstructured":"National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. (2006). Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.uniformlaws.org\/HigherLogic\/System\/DownloadDocumentFile.ashx?DocumentFileKey=6705441e-40b7-fbd4-edd5-5748c63fbd79&forceDialog=0."},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_3_20_1","first-page":"AR01","article-title":"Body donation\u2010 consent from non\u2010related persons: Case series, review, and recommendations","volume":"10","author":"Rajasekhar S. S. S. N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_21_1","unstructured":"Reuters. (2018). Dutch hospitals to stop using US body brokers over ethical concerns. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2018\/12\/08\/dutch-hospitals-stop-using-us-body-brokers-ethical-concerns\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_22_1","volume-title":"Death, dissection, and the destitute","author":"Richardson R.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22641"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv36zrh7"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_25_1","volume-title":"Federal agents found fetuses in body broker's warehouse","author":"Shiffman J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_26_1","volume-title":"The body trade: Cashing in on the donated dead","author":"Shiffman J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_27_1","volume-title":"India: Police arrest 8 in human bone smuggling ring","author":"Suri M.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_28_1","unstructured":"The American Association of Tissue Banks. (2019). Regulations for tissue banks and tissue tracking \u2010 AATB. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.aatb.org\/regulatory"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_29_1","unstructured":"The Associated Press. (2004). Donated bodies blown up in land mine tests.msnbc.com. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/4505394\/ns\/us_news\/t\/donated-bodies-blown-land-mine-tests\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-017-1704-y"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.23570","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ca.23570","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.23570","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T12:38:26Z","timestamp":1737117506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.23570"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.23570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.23570","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}