{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T17:04:19Z","timestamp":1767891859280,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female ejaculation is a contentious topic. From a review of the literature, history indicates that it is not a modern concept; some females were aware of it in times past without understanding the role of the fluid or composition of the ejaculate. Over time, scholars experimented, mainly with anatomical studies, in an attempt to identify the source of the ejaculate and explore its physiological and anatomical benefits for the female sexual experience. Despite these studies, views about female ejaculation remain controversial and inconsistent, with no clear conclusion as to its function. This review discusses the history of studies of female ejaculation and presents various hypotheses from an anatomical and physiological perspective. After reviewing 44 publications from 1889 to 2019, it became apparent that clinical and anatomical studies conducted during recent decades provide substantial evidence in support of the female ejaculatory phenomenon. Anatomical studies have shown that the ejaculate originates in the paraurethral (Skene's) glands, but its composition has been debated. Female ejaculate differs from urine in its creatinine and urea concentrations. The fluid also contains prostate specific antigen (PSA) and could have antibacterial properties that serve to protect the urethra. While the specific function of female ejaculation remains a topic of debate, there is sufficient evidence to support the existence of the phenomenon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]],"date-time":"2020-07-18T16:08:54Z","timestamp":1595088534000},"page":"103-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Female ejaculation: An update on anatomy, history, and controversies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Felix D.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amarilis","family":"Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7507-0674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Bordes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences St. George's University School of Medicine  St. George's Grenada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brady","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences St. George's University School of Medicine  St. George's Grenada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy J.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Research Worker  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8710-3384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. 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