{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T16:02:52Z","timestamp":1778256172519,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The definition of <jats:italic>pudendum<\/jats:italic> is external genitalia. The term <jats:italic>pudendum<\/jats:italic> is used to describe external genitalia regardless of sex. The labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, penis, scrotum, testes, and so on are all parts of the human pudenda. The female pudendum is also called the vulva. Also, nonhuman species have pudenda. <jats:italic>Pudendum<\/jats:italic> is a term that has been part of the formal anatomical nomenclature for a millennium. Recently, the meaning of <jats:italic>pudendum<\/jats:italic> has been perverted and misinterpreted as synonymous with only the vulva and to come from an etymological root term with the narrowly defined meaning \u201cto be ashamed.\u201d The misunderstanding of <jats:italic>pudendum<\/jats:italic> is twofold. First, <jats:italic>pudendum<\/jats:italic> describes the external genitalia indiscriminate of sex; however, terms such as <jats:italic>pudendum muliebre\/pudendum femininum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pudendum virile\/pudendum masculinum<\/jats:italic> have been used throughout history to identify pudenda with respect to sex. Second, the meaning of the root term <jats:italic>pudere<\/jats:italic> has been taken out of context. The meaning of the root term is inclusive of respect, modesty, honesty, honor, virtue, awe, veneration, and so on and has a positive connotation rather than a negative connotation, akin to <jats:italic>sacrum<\/jats:italic>, for example. Indeed, <jats:italic>pudendum<\/jats:italic> shares its etymological root with the names of goddesses and saints (e.g., Pudicitia, Saint Pudens, Saint Pudentiana). This manuscript provides details regarding anatomical etymology and both the historical and modern use of anatomical terminology related to <jats:italic>pudendum<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, this manuscript remedies the perversion of <jats:italic>pudendum<\/jats:italic> and, in doing so, improves the anatomical lexicon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T23:46:39Z","timestamp":1606866399000},"page":"721-725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The pudendum and the perversion of anatomical terminology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2578-1128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Zdilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine (PALM) West Virginia University School of Medicine, Robert C. 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