{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:36:57Z","timestamp":1747147017409,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102017R1A2B4003781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102017R1A2B4003781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>To reduce complications caused by the procedure, the target layer for thread lifting should be the superficial fat or superficial musculoaponeurotic system of the face. The aim of this study was to establish the thicknesses of the facial skin and superficial fat using a 3D scanning system to provide basic clinical data for thread lifting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty fixed Korean and Thai cadavers (male: 17, female: 13) were used. The depths of the skin and superficial fat were measured using a three dimensional (3D) structured\u2010light scanner. Facial images of both undissected and removed skin and superficial fat were taken with the 3D scanner. The paths from the temple and the front of the tragus to the infraorbital, perioral, cheek, and mental areas were displayed on the 3D image. The thickness along the path was measured by calculating the difference between the undissected and dissected 3D images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The means and standard deviations of thicknesses of the skin and superficial fat were 2.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u2009mm and 5.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u2009mm in the 11 pathways. The facial skin became thicker going toward the lower aspect of the face from temple to infraorbtial and perioral regions. The thickness of the superficial fat around the marionette line showed the biggest change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present findings indicate that a 3D scanning system can yield crucial anatomical information about the thickness of the facial skin and superficial fat for use in various minimally invasive clinical procedures including thread lifting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T11:19:36Z","timestamp":1613301576000},"page":"1050-1058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional topography of facial soft tissues for the safer and effective threading procedures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8654-8306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang\u2010Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project Yonsei University College of Dentistry  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6589-9940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeung Hyun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonseifams Clinic  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4229-273X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u2010Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YSBio Co. Ltd.  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Dr Youth Clinic  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9048-3805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung\u2010Seok","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project Yonsei University College of Dentistry  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1139-6261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee\u2010Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project Yonsei University College of Dentistry  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science &amp; Engineering, College of Engineering Yonsei University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjv079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fechteler P. Eisert P. &Rurainsky J.(2007).Fast and high resolution 3d face scanning. Paper presented at the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 3(III) 81\u201384.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2007.4379251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000161682.63535.9B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.20665"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000188347.06365.a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2012.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-0614-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-0240-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23331"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14764172.2017.1400167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/43516583"},{"volume-title":"Gray's anatomy e\u2010book: The anatomical basis of clinical practice","year":"2015","author":"Standring S.","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Surgeons A. 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