{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T13:49:55Z","timestamp":1780753795403,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>One of the transitional zones of the human body is situated in the cervix uteri. The developmental differentiation of epithelial and stromal characteristics in such a region is of high clinical interest. However, few studies have focused on the development of this region, and information in anatomical and clinical textbooks is limited. We therefore examined the development of the human vaginal fornix and the cervix uteri during prenatal development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined 29 female embryos and fetuses between 20 and 34\u2009weeks and two newborns using histology and immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The characteristic shape of the portiocervicis and the vaginal fornix first became visible in mid\u2010term fetuses because of the different muscular coats and of an uncategorized M\u00fcllerian\u2010derived epithelium, which was rapidly replaced by a multilayered squamous epithelium. Only thereafter, in older fetuses, were there organogenetic differentiation of the epithelia and the underlying stroma of the cervical canal. UGS\u2010derived p63\/CK17\u2010positive cells could be identified as precursor cells for the squamous epithelium, and M\u00fcllerian\u2010derived CK7\u2010positive cells for the columnar\u2010type epithelium. Both cell types and different stromal zones were already present in a prenatal transformation zone. Initial functional differentiation could be observed in perinatal stages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results on prenatal human development strongly support the view that two different cell lineages meet at the transitional zone of the cervix uteri and that these lineages depend on alternative signals from the underlying stromal compartment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T15:01:46Z","timestamp":1613228506000},"page":"1059-1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The development of the human vaginal fornix and the portio cervicis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Helga","family":"Fritsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5542-077X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romed","family":"H\u00f6rmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Pechriggl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital for Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Regauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Research Institute for Pathology Medical University Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Reich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical University Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Basal cells in the epithelium of the human cervical canal","volume":"939","author":"Carmichael R.","year":"1949","journal-title":"The Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-020-00619-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2017.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2018.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01472.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-010-0986-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v9040085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202684109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64387-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0458"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03982.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"771","article-title":"Cytokeratin 17 and p 63 are markers of the HPV target cell, the cervical stem cell","volume":"24","author":"Martens J. 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