{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:09:22Z","timestamp":1791230962848,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aimed to develop a grading scale for evaluating degenerative changes in uncovertebral joints (UVJs) found on computed tomography (CT) scans, and assess the intra\u2010 and inter\u2010rater reliability of this scale. The study included 50 subjects (average age 55.12\u2009\u00b1\u200913.76\u2009years) referred for CT examinations due to cervical complaints. Three researchers developed a reading protocol using a semiquantitative grading scale of UVJ degenerative changes. CTs were read and reread several times to refine the protocol. Subsequently, the reader read and reread 20 CTs (C3\u2013C7 bilateral, altogether 200 UVJs) 2\u2009weeks apart in order to assess the intra\u2010rater reliability. The second reader, after the training, read the same 20 CTs (yet, C4\u2013C6 bilateral, altogether 120 UVJs) in order to assess the inter\u2010rater reliability. The additional 30 CTs were evaluated to analyze the prevalence and associations between the studied parameters. The final grading scale included joint space narrowing, osteophyte, subchondral sclerosis, subchondral cyst, hypertrophy, cortical erosion, and vacuum phenomenon. The intra\u2010rater agreement ranged from very good in joint space narrowing (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.757), osteophyte grade (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.748), subchondral cyst (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.716), hypertrophy (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.728), vacuum phenomenon (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.712) to good (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.544) in subchondral sclerosis, and fair in cortical erosion (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.36). For the overall UVJ degeneration grade, the intra\u2010rater agreement was very good (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.616) and the inter\u2010rater reliability was good (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.468). 77.6% of the evaluated UVJs exhibited some degenerative changes. Our grading scale is the first to evaluate UVJs presenting good\u2010very good intra\u2010rater and inter\u2010rater reliability which can be utilized in further clinical studies and assess degenerative changes in UVJs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T12:10:12Z","timestamp":1636719012000},"page":"186-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Developing a grading scale for the evaluation of degenerative changes in uncovertebral (Luschka) joints"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Stoychev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Bait Balev Hospital  Bat Yam Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9179-8470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azaria","family":"Simonovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Barzilai Medical Center  Ashkelon Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8544-2104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Alperovitch\u2010Najenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Tzelnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva 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