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This work investigates changes in these tissues in pathological settings. A state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art review was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar following a two\u2010stage process. A first search was performed to identify main types of deep fasciae. A second search was performed to identify studies considering a deep fascia, common pathologies of this deep fascia and the associated alterations in tissue anatomy. We find that five main deep fasciae pathologies are chronic low back pain, chronic neck pain, Dupuytren's disease, plantar fasciitis and iliotibial band syndrome. The corresponding fasciae are respectively the thoracolumbar fascia, the cervical fascia, the palmar fascia, the plantar fascia and the iliotibial tract. Pathological fascia is characterized by increased tissue stiffness along with alterations in myofibroblast activity and the extra\u2010cellular matrix, both in terms of collagen and Matrix Metalloproteases (MMP) levels. Innervation changes such as increased density and sensitization of nociceptive nerve fibers are observed. Additionally, markers of inflammation such as pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and immune cells are documented. Pain originating from the deep fascia likely results from a combination of increased nerve density, sensitization and chronic nociceptive stimulation, whether physical or chemical. The pathological fascia is characterized by changes in innervation, immunology and tissue contracture. Further investigation is required to best benefit both research opportunities and patient care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T12:25:13Z","timestamp":1649852713000},"page":"649-659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["The deep fascia and its role in chronic pain and pathological conditions: A review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4615-4190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flemming","family":"Kondrup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University  Montreal 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