{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:06:04Z","timestamp":1787612764656,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>O'Connell et al. proposed that the vestibular bulbs be renamed the \u201cclitoral bulbs\u201d because of their consistent relationship to the clitoris and inconsistent relationship to the vestibule. Normally such proposed esoteric changes in anatomical nomenclature would get little notice by anatomists, yet alone the general public; however, many subsequent articles and books placed this change in the context of centuries of male anatomists and physicians downplaying female sexual anatomy and sexuality. Most prominent is a 2022 book by Rachel Gross, <jats:italic>Vagina Obscura: An Anatomical Voyage<\/jats:italic>. Here we review this \u201cAnatomical Voyage\u201d and find author bias in omitting\/including erroneous facts in this book. We also present a critique of a 1995 article that appeared in Feminist Studies; <jats:italic>Graphical Representations in Anatomy Texts<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>c1900\u20101991.<\/jats:italic> This article, which has been repeatedly cited in the clinical literature, asserts that between circa 1950\u20131980 anatomy textbooks purposely eliminated depicting\/labeling the clitoris in illustrations because the authors of the textbooks were reflecting societal norms that de\u2010emphasized the importance of the clitoris. Unfortunately, the methods used by Moore and Clarke are not replicable; and further, their conclusions were not justified because of clear bias in their description and depiction of the anatomy sources they review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T10:31:23Z","timestamp":1656498683000},"page":"828-835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clitoral Anatomy in the Feminist Literature: Vagina obscura: An anatomical voyage (2020) and Clitoral Conventions and Transgressions: Graphical representations in anatomy texts, c1900\u20101991 (1995)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2206-6524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel A.","family":"Vilensky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Occupational Therapy Huntington University  Fort Wayne Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-022-05172-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-04894-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Anatomy: regional study of human structure","author":"Gardner E.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Anatomy, descriptive and surgical","author":"Gray H.","year":"1901"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Anatomy of the human body","author":"Gray H.","year":"1948"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","article-title":"The clitoris, uncovered: An intimate history","author":"Gross R. E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Vagina obscura: An anatomical voyage","author":"Gross R. E.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.324115134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.06.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"11","volume-title":"The classic clitoris: Historic contributions to scientific sexuality","author":"Kobelt G. L.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00839.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smrj.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3178262"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13243"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000158446.21396.c0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00875.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63188-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000173639.38898.cd"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","article-title":"French schools to ensure men know where the clit is","author":"Patella G.","year":"2016","journal-title":"New York Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/snp.v6.32578"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22471"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","volume-title":"Female circumcision and clitoridectomy in the United States","author":"Rodriguez S.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","article-title":"The still misunderstood shape of the clitoris","author":"Russo N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Atlantic"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","volume-title":"Human anatomy","author":"Saladin K.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.1991.5.1.02a00060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","volume-title":"An introduction to functional anatomy","author":"Sinclair D.","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.02.024"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"The external genital anatomy of the simian primates","volume":"8","author":"Wislocki G. B.","year":"1936","journal-title":"Human Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2005.05961.x"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.23924","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ca.23924","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.23924","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T12:42:09Z","timestamp":1737204129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.23924"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.23924"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.23924","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}