{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:07:30Z","timestamp":1792174050782,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]],"date-time":"2022-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1S36519N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S36519N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004040","name":"KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Flatfoot deformity is a prevalent hind\u2010 and midfoot disorder. Given its complexity, single\u2010plane radiological measurements omit case\u2010specific joint interaction and bone shape variations. Three\u2010dimensional medical imaging assessment using statistical shape models provides a complete approach in characterizing bone shape variations unique to flatfoot condition. This study used statistical shape models to define specific bone shape variations of the subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints that characterize flatfoot deformity, that differentiate them from healthy controls. Bones of the aforementioned joints were segmented from computed tomography scans of 40\u2009feet. The three\u2010dimensional hindfoot alignment angle categorized the population into 18 flatfoot subjects (\u22657\u00b0 valgus) and 22 controls. Statistical shape models for each joint were defined using the entire study cohort. For each joint, an average weighted shape parameter was calculated for each mode of variation, and then compared between flatfoot and controls. Significance was set at <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, with values between 0.05\u2009\u2264\u2009<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.1 considered trending towards significance. The flatfoot population showed a more adducted talar head, inferiorly inclined talar neck, and posteriorly orientated medial subtalar articulation compare to controls, coupled with more navicular eversion, shallower navicular cup, and more prominent navicular tuberosity. The calcaneocuboid joint presented trends of a more adducted calcaneus, more abducted cuboid, narrower calcaneal roof, and less prominent cuboid beak compared to controls. Statistical shape model analysis identified unique shape variations which may enhance understanding and computer\u2010aided models of the intricacies of flatfoot, leading to better diagnosis and, ultimately, surgical treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T13:31:02Z","timestamp":1668432662000},"page":"848-857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Unique shape variations of hind and midfoot bones in flatfoot subjects\u2014A statistical shape modeling approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Ferdia","family":"Fallon Verbruggen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6389-2497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryce A","family":"Killen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8602-100X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arne","family":"Burssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics UZ Ghent  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannelore","family":"Boey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5100-6558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos","family":"Vander Sloten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7611-3747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilse","family":"Jonkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199908000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079701801105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2018.07.012"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"250","article-title":"Accessory navicular bone: Not such a normal variant","volume":"87","author":"Bernaerts A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"JBR\u2013BTR"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pediatric flatfeet\u2014A disease entity that demands greater attention and treatment","volume":"8","author":"Bresnahan P. 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