{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:49:50Z","timestamp":1791996590044,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study has demonstrated the changing volume of both the anterior and posterior thorax in normal adolescents (without spinal or thoracic deformity), differentiating for both sex and age, to further understand how the thorax grows, along with the differences in growth between the anterior and posterior thorax. The thorax was measured on axial CT slices at every vertebral level from T3 to T12 in a series of scans previous taken for routine clinical care. Measurements taken were the anteroposterior thoracic distance and the area of the anterior and posterior rib prominences on either side of the thorax. Data was analyzed per vertebral level, differentiating for age and sex. There were 486 CT scans analyzed (257 males and 229 females) between the ages of 8 and 18\u2009years. The analysis identified that for the anterior thorax, there are three phases of growth with an initial slow increase in volume, followed by a stabilization of little growth, followed by another phase of a more rapid increase in volume. For the posterior thorax, there was a gradual increase in area with increasing age. This study demonstrates that the shape of the thorax is age and sex dependent, with males having both a greater width and depth of thorax compared to females. Of particular note is the difference in patterns of growth between the anterior and posterior thorax. This information will add to the understanding of normal growth, which will aid in the management of conditions where that growth is disturbed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T09:00:09Z","timestamp":1666429209000},"page":"2-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The anatomical growth of the thoracic cage in adolescents with specific reference to axial growth comparing the right and left hemithorax"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7329-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James E.","family":"Archer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Bristol Road South  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1596-2427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Bristol Road South  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2317-2046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona","family":"Berryman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Bristol Road South  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Pynsent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Clinical Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6532-7950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Bristol Road South  Birmingham UK"},{"name":"The Institute of Health and Life Sciences Aston University  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198109000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12499"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X09358078"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075128"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-876OC"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Upright, prone, and supine spinal morphology and alignment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"12","author":"Brink R. 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